Hazards

Hazard means a situation or thing

that has the potential to harm a
person. Hazards at work may
include: noisy machinery, a moving
forklift, chemicals, electricity,
working at heights, a repetitive job,
bullying and violence at the
workplace.
Risk is the possibility that harm
(death, injury or illness) might
occur when exposed to a hazard.

A hazard is
anything that
can

cut you

A hazard is
anything that
can

trip you

A hazard is
anything that
can

burn you

A hazard is
anything that
can

crush you

A hazard is
anything that can

hurt your hearing

A hazard is
anything that
can
hurt your eyes

A hazard is
anything that
can
make you sick

A hazard is
anything
that
can
cause you pain

Man + Machine

+ Uncontrolled Energy

***Release

= Accident

Energy Source
Associated
Hazards

Accident
Triangle

Man

Gravity
Chemical
Thermal
Residual Stored
Pneumatic
Hydraulic
Pressurized Liquids / Gases
Mechanical

Machine

Removing one element or creating effective barriers***

.will reduce risk of having accident

Examples Of Identifying &

Managing Safety and Health
Risk

Hazard

Moving
Vehicle

Threat

Slippery
Road

Barrier

Slow Down

Top
Event

Loss of
Control

Recovery
Measures

Consequences

ABS

, Accident
,Injuries
Fatalities

Common types of HEALTH HAZARDS

in the workplace are:
Chemical agents (vapours, gasses, mists,

dusts, fumes and smoke. )

Physical agents (forms of energy or force
such as sound, heat , vibration or electricity)
Biological agents (micro-organisms
from plant, animal or human tissue ,
drugs and bloods)
Ergonomic hazards (consequence of poor
equipment, workstation design or work
activity design).
Psychological (stress, shift work, fatigue
and bad leadership)

 Common types of SAFETY

HAZARDS in the workplace are:

Slips, trips and falls

Moving machinery or other objects
Fire and explosions
Transportation and vehicle-related
accidents
Confined spaces
Violence ((

Hazard assessment :
Hazard assessment means evaluating the
degree of risk and exposure to the
suspected or identified hazard.

How to assess the risks in your

workplace?
Follow the five steps:
Step 1 : Identify the hazards.
Step 2 : Decide who might be harmed and how.
Step 3 : Evaluate the risks and decide on
precautions .
Step 4 : Record your findings and implement
them.
Step 5 : Review your assessment and update if
necessary

 Low risk-

the work is safe and no further action is

required unless additional hazards arise during the
work;

Medium risk-

the work is safe, but the risk

control measures need monitoring to ensure the risk
level does not increase during the task or process;

High risk-

the risk controls need to be reviewed

and additional controls added to reduce the risk to
medium level.

Very high-

the activity should not proceed at this

time due to the potential risk of a fatality and an
alternative safer method of work is required before
work can commence.

Risk = Probability of an
occurrence x
Consequences of the
occurrence
Risk = Severity

x Likelihood

Hazard
severity

Definition

Points rating

Very high Causing multiple deaths and widespread

destruction eg. fire, building collapse.

High

Causing death, serious injury or permanent

disability to an individual.

Temporary disability causing injury or disease

Moderate capable of keeping an individual off work for three
days or more and reportable under RIDDOR
3

Slight

Minor injury, which would allow the individual to

continue work after first aid treatment on site or at
a local surgery.

Nil

Very minor injury, bruise, no risk of disease.

,

Hazard
likelihood
Inevitable

Definition
If the work continues as it is, there is almost 100%
certainty that an accident will happen, for example:
1.A broken stair or broken rung on a ladder
2.Bare, exposed electrical conductors
3.Unstable stacks of heavy boxes

Points
rating
5

Highly likely Will happen more often than not. Additional factors
could precipitate an incident but it is still likely to
happen without this additional factor.

Possible

The accident may occur if additional factors precipitate

it, but it is unlikely to happen without them.

Unlikely

This incident or illness might occur but the probability

is low and the risk minimal.

Remote
possibility

There is really no risk present. Only under freak

conditions could there be any possibility of an accident
or illness. All reasonable precautions have been taken This should be the normal state of the workplace.

Risk Rating Score

Action

1-4

Broadly acceptable - No
action required

5-9

Moderate - reduce risks if

reasonably practicable
-

10-15

High Risk - priority action to

be undertaken

16-25

Unacceptable -action must

be taken IMMEDIATELY

Risk rating score

Action

Review
recommendation
Every 1-2 years

1-4

Broadly acceptable - No
action required

5-9

Moderate - reduce risks if

reasonably practicable

Every 6-12 months

10 -15

High risk - priority action to

be undertaken but interim
arrangements required
immediately

After interim
arrangements
every 3 months

16 -25

Unacceptable - action must

be taken IMMEDIATELY

Immediately

Example
Electric Shock

?What are the types of injuries

Burns
Shocks
Falls

KEEP SAFE
KNOW HOW TO CONTROL ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

?What are the levels of effect of current

AC current
(mA)
1
2-9

Effect on human body

Slight tingling sensation
Small shock

10-24

Muscles contract causing you to freeze

25-74

Respiratory muscles can become

paralysed; pain; exit burns often visible

75-300

Usually fatal; ventricular fibrillation;

entry & exit wounds visible

>300

Death almost certain; if survive will

have badly burnt organs and probably
require amputations

Can you protect yourself from

?electricity
Dont wear metal objects
Turn power off
Wear appropriate clothing
Dont touch live parts
Dont install or repair electrical
equipment
Use qualified personnel
Clean and dry leads and plugs before use
Use PPE

How do you respond to electrical

?incidents
If you come across a person receiving an electric
shock:
If possible, disconnect the electrical supply
(switch?)
Assess the situation never put yourself at risk
Take precautions to protect yourself and
anyone else in the vicinity
Apply the first aid principles
Assess the injuries and move the casualty to a
safe area if required
Administer first aid if trained
Seek urgent medical attention

Severity
Severity (0-6)
0: No injury or illness; or quality, production, or other loss of
less than $100
2: Minor injury or illness without lost time; non-disruptive
property damage or a quality, production, or loss of $100 to
$1,000
4: A lost-time injury or illness without permanent disability; or
disruptive property damage; or quality, production, or other
loss of more than $1,000 but not exceeding $5,000
6: Permanent disability of loss of life or body part; and/or
extensive loss of structure, equipment, or material; quality,
production, or other losses exceeding $5,000
Note: Make dollar figures relative to your own company.

?Coincident or Not
,If

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

,Equals
26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

,Then
K + N + O + W + L + E + D + G + E
96% = 5 + 7 + 4 + 5 + 12 + 23 + 15 + 14 + 11
H + A + R + D + W + O + R + K
98% =
11 + 18 + 15 + 23 + 4 + 18 + 1 + 8
Both are important, but the total falls just short of 100%
,But
A + T + T + I + T + U + D + E
100% =
5 + 4 + 21 + 20 + 9 + 20 + 20 + 1

Safety really is about attitude. Make 100% Safe Behavior your choice
both ON and OFF the job