BTY100-Lec 2.

3
Nanobiotechnology

Created By:
Robinka Khajuria
(Biotech) LPU
LPU BTY100

Outline
Nanobiotechnology: Basic Concept
Application: Nanomedicines

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Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology: The art and science of manipulating and
rearranging individual atoms and molecules to create useful
materials, devices, and systems
Nanotechnology, in simple terms, means the study and
exploitation of tiny objects, whose dimensions are just a few
molecules and atoms. In strict scientific terms,
nanotechnology concerns physical dimensions ranging from 1100 nm (1 nm = 10-9 m = 10 atoms wide) down to 1 nm.
re we
In present lectu
n the
are focusing o
lications
biological app
hnology
of the nanotec
sicoinstead of phy
erties
chemical prop
of materials.
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NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

Nanobiotechnology:refers to the intersection

of nanotechnologyandbiology.
Concepts that are enhanced through nanobiology
include:nanodevices,nanoparticles.
This technical approach to biology allows
scientists to create systems that can be used for
biological research

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Nanomedicines: Targeted Drug

Delivery

Is a method of deliveringmedicationto
a patient in a manner that increases the
concentrationof the medication in
some parts of the body relative to
others
Goal :
to prolong,
localize,
target and
have a protected drug interaction with
the diseased tissue.
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Traditional V/s Targeted Drug

Delivery
In
traditionaldrug
deliverysystems such
as oral ingestion or
intravascular injection,
the
medication
is
distributed throughout
the body through the
systemicblood
circulation.
For most therapeutic
agents, only a small
portion
of
the
medication reaches the
organ to be affected.
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Targeted drug
delivery seeks to
concentrate the
medication in the
tissues of interest
while reducing the
relative concentration
of the medication in
the remaining tissues.
Targeted delivery is
believed to improve
efficacywhile
reducingside-effects.

Targeted Drug Deliver and

Nanotechnology

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Delivery Vehicles
Function: To carry the drug to the specific
tissue and facilitate its release.
This is where nanotechnology comes into
play: designing of carrier vehicles that can
be carry the drug and be easily introduced
in the body.
One such vehicle uses Carbon Nanotubes
as drug carriers for the drug delivery.
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) areallotropes
of carbonwith acylindricalnanostructure
providing a very large surface area.
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CNTs for drug delivery

CNT is used effectively as a vehicle to
deliver drugs to the targeted sick cell
(such as a cancer cell) with unprecedented
accuracy and efficiency.
Basic Mechanism:

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CNTs: Cancer Therapy

Rapidly dividing cancer cells have an
unusually high number of receptors for
folate and IgG.
Nanostructures coated in folate can pass
with relative ease into cancerous cells.
Antibodies promise even greater selectivity;
for example, a nanostructure can be coated
with antibodies that bind to proteins found
only on the surface of cancerous cells.

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 Once the nanotubes are stuck to the

cancerous targets, they are poised to kill
in one of two ways:
Their hollow interiors can carry
anticancer drugs, or
They can be activated with infrared:
Bathed in infrared light, which passes
easily through body tissue, the carbon
nanotubes heat up dramatically and
destroy the attached cancerous cells.

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Advantages of CNTs
Carbon nanotubes: have high drug
loading capacities and good cell
penetration qualities.
These nanotubes function with a
larger inner volume to be used as the
drug container, large aspect ratios
for numerous functionalization
attachments.
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Next Class: Bioprinting

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