Dr.

Adnan

A,SpTHT,M.Kes

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

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MATA
HIDUNG
LIDAH

TELING
A

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PINNA

MEMBRAN
TIMPANI

OSSEOUS
LABYRINTH &
COCHLEA

SYARAF VESTIBULAR &

SYARAF AUDITORY

OSIKULA

EUSTACHIAN
CANAL

CANALIS
AUDITORY

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Auricle (Pinna)
Pengumpul suara
Melokalisasi suara
Frekuensi bunyi lebih
efisien ke membran
timpani

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 TELINGA LUAR
THE PINNA
KARTILAGO DAN KULIT
8 STRUKTUR

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 OUTER EAR
PINNA / AURICLE
CARTILEGE
COVERED WITH
PERICHONDRIUM
BOUND TO THE
SKIN
AUDITORY MEATUS
2/3 CARTILEGE
1/3 BONE
STOPS AT THE
TYMPANIC
MEMBRANE
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aIDIOPATHIC

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Pembatas telinga luar dan telinga tengah

Translusen
Keabu-abuan
Otoskop Cone of light
Bentuk Oval dan konkaf, pusat mallleus malleus

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Thin membrane
Forms boundary between outer and middle

ear
Vibrates in response to sound
Changes acoustical energy into mechanical
energy

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A: Malleus
B: Incus
C: Stapes
Ossicles are smallest
bones in the body
Act as a lever
system
Footplate of stapes
enters oval window
of the cochlea
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Malleus (hammer) one of the middle ear

ossicles
3 parts
Umbo, manubrium short process, may show through
the drum
Lymphatic drainage of the external ear flows

into
Parotid, mastoid, superficial cervical nodes

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Pendeteksian Gelombang
Selama
Auditory
Brain Response
Proses
Mendengar
Suara
Auditory
Sound
Waves

Waves

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Bony ridge behind the auricle

Provides support to the external ear and

posterior wall of the middle ear cavity

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InnerHairCells

OuterHairCells

Sensory

Motor

Afferentnerves

Efferentnerves

Singlerow

c.3rows
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IHC (1)
radial afferent (blue) lateral
efferent (pink)

OHC (2)
spiral afferent (green)
medial efferent (red)
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Detail Organ of Corti

proses perubahan getar

menjadi sinyal listrik
Pengiriman sinyal listrik
Bagian Cochlea dan Organ of Corti
ke-otak melalui syaraf
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Sinyal listrik

Getaran

Spectrum
sinyal 1k Hz

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Auditory Sound Waves

Auditory Brain Response Waves

Right Ear (R)

R

EC

ED
BC

BM

EC

ED
BC

BM

Left Ear (L) Sound

wave

HC

CN

SOC

LLN

IC

MGB

AC
(R)

HC

CN

SOC

LLN

IC

MGB

AC
(L)

Vibration Traveling
wave
wave

Neural
wave

EC : Ear Canal ED : Ear Drum BC : Bone Conduction BM : Basilar Membrane HC : Hair Cell
CN : Cohlear Nucleus SOC : Superior Olivary Complex LLN : Lateral Lemniscus Nucleus
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IC : Inferior Colliculus MGB : Medial Deticulate Body AC : Auditory Cortex

3 levels
1.

Peripheral ear transmits sound and converts

its vibrations into electrical impulses that can
be analyzed by the brain. The electrical
impulses are conducted by the auditory
process of cranial nerve VIII (Acoustic) to the
brain stem
Amplitude=loudness
2. Frequency=pitch
1.

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Sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate

Vibrations travel via the ossicles thru the

oval window, the cochlea and are scattered

against the round window
The basilar membrane of the cochlea
contain the organ of Corti receptor hair
cells that translate the vibrations to
electric impulses
The impulses go to the brainstem via
Acoustic nerve (VIII)
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2.

Brain stem function is binaural interaction

permits identification of sound and
locating the direction of a sound in space.
The acoustic nerve (Cranial nerve VIII) sends
signals from each ear to both sides of the
brain stem. Brainstem is sensitive to
intensity & timing from the ears depending
on head position

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1.
2.

Air conduction (AC) normal pathway of

hearing, the most efficient
Bone conduction (BC) bones of the skull
vibrate and transmit vibrations to the inner
ear and acoustic nerve

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Energi suara p [N/m2]

simpangan genderang telinga amplitudo vibrasi
tulang-tulang telinga amplitudo gelombang pada
cairan dalam cohlea amplituo sinyal listrik yang
menuju otak
Frekuensi suara f [cps Hz]
Osilasi pada genderang telinga osilasi pada
tulang-tulang telinga osilasi pada cairan dalam
cohlea frekuensi sinyal listrik yang menuju otak
Waktu t [second] temporal phenomenon
Time history, time varying, time delay yang terjadi
bersamaan dengan perubahan energi dan frekuensi
Ruang atau posisi [x, y, z] spatial

phenomenon

Lokasi atau perubahan koordinat sumber atau

penerima

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TELINGA MANUSIA adalah :

SUATU TRANDUSER BIOLOGIS
MAMPU MENGUBAH DAN MENGONTROL INPUT SINYAL SUARA :
MENGATENUASI INTENSITAS INPUT YANG TINGGI
MENINGKATKAN INTELLIGIBILITY SUARA LEMAH
MELAKUKAN ANALISIS FREKUENSI
MERUBAH ENERGI AKUSTIK - GETARAN LISTRIK
MELAKUKAN PENGENALAN POLA SINYAL SUARA
MELAKUKAN PERSEPSI INFORMASI YANG TERKANDUNG
MELAKUKAN TANGGAPAN TERHADAP SINYAL DAN
INFORMASI

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1.

Conductive mechanical dysfunction of the

external or middle ear resulting in partial
hearing loss (if amplitude to reach nerve
elements in inner ear, person can hear)
1.

Causes= impacted cerumen, FB, perforated

eardrum, pus/bld in the middle ear,
otosclerosis

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2.

Sensorineural ( perceptive) pathology of

the inner ear, acoustic nerve or auditory
areas of the cerebral cortex. amplitude
may not help
1.

3.

Causes= Presbycusis, a nerve degeneration

due to aging (50yrs) or ototoxic drugs

Equilibrium labyrinth feeds info to the

brain about the bodys position in space,
inflammation causes vertigo.

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 Consists of three

semi-circular canals
Shares fluid with the
cochlea
Controls balance
No part in hearing
process

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