DENSITY BASED

TRAFFIC CONTROL
SYSTEM

CONTENTS:

Objective of the project

Components used
Introduction to Arduino uno Board
Specifications of Arduino
Microcontroller ATMEGA 328P
IR sensor
Photo diode
Advantages and disadvantages
Applications

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

Our project aims at reducing traffic congestion and unwanted
long time delay during the traffic light switch overs especially
when the traffic is very low.
It is designed to be implemented in places nearing the
junctions where the traffic signals are placed, in order to reduce
the congestion in these junctions.
It keeps a track of the vehicles In each road and accordingly
adjusts the time for each traffic light signals.
The higher the number of vehicles on the road the longer will
be the time delay allotted for that correponding traffic light
signal.

SCOPE:
Current work focuses on how to use effectiely IR and Atmega
328P controllers for digital security srystems.

Components used:
Arduino UNO Board
IR transmitter and Receiver
modules
Green and Red LEDs
Connecting wires
A to B coverting USB cable

Introduction to
Arduino uno :

What is Arduino?

ARDUINO IS AN OPEN-SOURCE PHYSICAL COMPUTING

PLATFORM BASED ON A SIMPLE I/O BOARD AND A DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENT THAT IMPLEMENTS THE PROCESSING/WIRING
LANGUAGE.
IT CAN BE USED TO DEVELOP STAND-ALONE INTERACTIVE
OBJECTS OR CAN BE CONNECTED TO SOFTWARE ON YOUR
COMPUTER.

What is it used for?

Physical computing projects/research

Interactive installations
Rapid prototyping

WORKING:
The heart of this circuit is an Arduino, which is connected to four IR sensors
measuring the number of vehicles passing through the four lanes. During the
first 10 seconds, all the vehicles passing through the lane is measured which is
then processed and accordingly delays are set. Thus, the road with more
vehicles is shown green light for a more duration which makes it possible for
efficient traffic control

This project uses an Arduino Uno as a microcontroller. Arduino gets its four
inputs from IR sensor which are set so that they receive signals from vehicles
coming towards the road. The IR readings are logged into the Arduino memory
for the first 10 seconds. After the initial 10 seconds, the readings are compared
to set levels so that the output delay for LED is calculated. This happens for
every of the four main control lines for the signal output.

In this we are using infrared sensors namely

infrared transmitter and infrared receiver .the IR
transmitter sends light ray to IR receivers. If there is
any obstacles occurring between these two then the
data signal is send to microprocessor and its act
upon a signal.

 A photo diode is a type of

photo detector capable of
converting light into either
current or voltage depending
upon the mode of operation.
Photo diodes are similar to
regular
semiconductor
diodes except that they may
be either exposed or
packaged with a window or a
optical fiber connection to
allow light to reach the
sensitive part.

ADVANTAGES:
Density based traffic light
control have many advantages
compared to time based traffic
control.
We can save considerable
amount of time
we can avoid unnecessary
occurrence of traffic jams
which causes public
inconvenience.
There is no need of traffic
inspector at the junctions for
supervising the traffic to run
smoothly

DISADVANTAGE
S:
IR sensors sometimes
may absorb normal
light also. As a result,
traffic system works in
improper way.

IR sensor may give

inaccurate output, if
dust particles are
logged near to the
transmitter receiver
signal

APPLICATIONS:

For traffic monitoring and controlling

If a number of signals are synchronized, its possible to build

smart city

Automated driving vehicles can communicate with the

signals wirelessly, so indicators may become redundant.

CONCLUSION:
Thus from above theory we can conclude that using the method of density based control
of traffic lights we can save a considerable amount of time and also we can prevent
excessive traffic jams thus leading to smooth traffic flow.
In practice presently in India we are following time based control of traffic
signals and we are experiencing a heavy traffic jams all over which in turn consumes lot
of time and fuel. We hope these methods will be adopted as soon as possible so that the
limitations we are experiencing with present method can be overcome.

THANK YOU
Presented by:
P. Soujanya
S. Chandana Reddy
U. Priyanka