You are on page 1of 15

Public Speaking:

An Audience-Centered Approach 7th edition

Chapter 2
The
Audience-Centered
Speechmaking
Process

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:

any public performances or display, including transmission of any image over a network;

preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;

any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe


Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

If all my talents and


powers were to be
taken away from me
by some inscrutable
providence, and I had
my choice of keeping
but one, I would
unhesitatingly ask to
be allowed to keep
the power of
speaking, for
through it, I would
recover all the rest.
- Daniel Webster
Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

An Audience-Centered
Speechmaking Model
Always think of
your audience

Shows sensitivity to
their needs.

Think if they understand


your words.
Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

Consider Your
Audience

Gather & analyze


information about
audience.

Consider culturally diverse


backgrounds of audience.

Adapt speech to particular audience.

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

Select & Narrow


Your Topic

Who will be hearing


your speech?
What is the occasion (event)?
What are your interests, talents &
experiences?

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

Determine Your Purpose


General Purpose:

overarching goal
of your speech

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

Types of General Purposes

Inform:
Persuade:

teach, define or clarify.

Entertain:

amuse with stories,


illustrations
and humor.

change or strengthen
thoughts or behaviors.

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

Specific Purpose

Exact response you


want from audience.

Concise statement
indicating what you want
audience to do, think, feel
or remember.

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

Develop Your Central Idea

Overview of speech.

One-sentence summary
of speech.

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

An example:
Topic:
General Purpose:
Specific Purpose:

The South Beach Diet.

Central Idea:

The South Beach diet is


based upon reducing the
amount of carbohydrates
you eat, drinking more
water, and increasing the
amount of exercise.

To inform.
At the end of my speech,
the audience will be able
to identify the three key
elements in the South
Beach diet.

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

Generate Main Ideas

Identify how speech


will logically divide.

How central idea


logically divides will determine main ideas.

Reasons why central idea is true can


be main ideas.

Series of steps to illustrate central idea can


be main ideas.
Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

Gather Supporting Material

Material that
backs up ideas.

Can be personal & concrete.

Should appeal to listeners.

Research your supporting material.

Can be verbal, visual, or both.


Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

Organize Your Speech

Start with body.

Prepare introduction &


conclusion AFTER body.

Follow effective outlining techniques.

Arrange ideas to
make most sense.

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

Rehearse Your Speech

Prepare early.

Make adjustments.

Rehearse in front of others.

Practice out loud.


Observe your
behaviors.

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

Deliver Your Speech

Walk calmly.

Remember rehearsals.

Maintain eye contact.

Speak loudly.

Vary your pitch.

Walk confidently.

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

You might also like