Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(PengontrolMikro)
TahunAkademik2013
PENDAHULUAN
Arsitektur:NeumannvsHarvard
RISCvsCISC
MikroprosesorvsMikrokontroller
Mikroprosesor(P)
Mikrokontroller(C)
ReviewMikroprosesor
IR:InstructionRegister
MA:MemoryAddress
MA:ProgramCounter
Definisi
A microprocessor incorporates the
functions of a computer's central processing
unit (CPU) on a single integrated
circuit (IC), multipurpose
programmable device.
A microcontroller is a specialized form of
microprocessor that is designed to be selfsufficient and cost-effective, where a
microprocessor is typically designed to be
general purpose (the kind used in a PC).
Definisi
Microcontrollersarefrequentlyfoundin
automobiles,officemachines,toys,andappliances.
AplikasiMicrocontrollersadalahembedded
system(acomputersystemdesignedforspecific
controlfunctionswithinalargersystem,often
withreal-timecomputingconstraints)
EmbeddedSystemConfiguration
Programs
Operating
Hardware
System
TypicalComputersystem
Configuration
UserProgram
IncludingOperating
Hardware
SystemComponents
TypicalEmbeddedsystem
Configuration
Mikrokontroler
DefinisiMikrokontroleradalah
sebuahsistemmikroprosesorlengkapyangterkandungdi
dalamsebuahchip.Mikrokontrolerberbedadari
mikroprosesorserbagunayangdigunakandalamsebuah
PC,karenasebuahmikrokontrolerumumnyatelahberisi
komponenpendukungsistemminimalmikroprosesor,
yaknimemoridanantarmukaI/O.
Minimumsistem:
CPU,ROM,RAM,I/Oport
ArsitekturMikrokontroler
Chipvspackage
Themicroprocessorisaprocessoronone
siliconchip
Themicrocontrollerisacomputersystem
ononepackage;
Inmicroelectronics,adual in-line
package(DIPorDIL)isanelectronic
devicepackagewitharectangularhousing
andtwoparallelrowsofelectrical
connectingpins.
Karakteristik mikroprosesor
Mikrokontroler
INTEL MCS-51
TheIntel MCS-51(commonlyreferredto
as8051)isaHarvardarchitecture,single
chipmicrocontroller(C)serieswhich
wasdevelopedbyIntelin1980forusein
embeddedsystems.
KeluargaintelyanglainMCS-48
JenisMCS-48
Minimumsistem:CPU,ROM,RAM,I/Oport
SingleChipMicrocomputer(mikrokomputersepihtunggal)
INTEL 8051
The8051istheoriginalmemberoftheMCW-51family,andisthe
coreforallMCS-51devices.Thefeaturesofthe
8051coreare
8-bitCPUoptimizedforcontrolapplications
ExtensiveBooleanprocessing(Single-bltlogic)capabtilties
64KProgramMemoryaddressspace
64KDataMemoryaddressspace
4Kbytesofon-chipProgramMemory
128bytesofon-chipDataRAM
32bidirectionalandindividuallyaddressable1/0lines
Two16-bittimer/counters
FullduplexUART
6-source/5-vectorinterruptstructurewithtwoprioritylevels
On-chipclockoscillator
Pin-pin
8051
Block Diagram of
the 8051 Core
Central
Processing
Unit
8051
ROM
EPROM,
EEPROM
orFlashmemory
forprogramand
operatingparameter
storage
Eksekusi Program
Afterreset,the
CPUbegins
executionfrom
location
0000H.
RAM
volatilememory(
RAM)fordata
storage
Input/output Port
Timer/Counter
Timer-interupt
ClockGenerator
clockgenerator-
oftenan
oscillatorfora
quartztiming
crystal.
Reset
Reset:resetting
PowerSupply
PowerSupply(2)
Interupsi
External
InterruptO,
forexample,
isassignedto
location
0003H
BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN
MOV A,Rn
MOV A,direct
MOV A,#data
MOV Rn.A
MoveregistertoAccumulator
MovedirectbytetoAccumulator
MovedatatoAccumulator
MoveAccumulatortoregister
8051 Mnemonic
8051 Mnemonic
FITUR TAMBAHAN
Beberapafiturtambahantelahtersedia
dalammikrokontroler
PortSerial,UART,USART
PWMGenerator
WatchdogTimer
ADC
DAC
UART
UARTatauUniversal
Asynchronous
ReceiverTransmitteradalah bagianperangkat keraskomputeryang
menerjemahkanantarabit-bitparaleldatadanbit-bitserial.
UART biasanya berupasirkuit terintegrasiyang digunakan
untukkomunikasi serialpada komputer atauportserial
perangkatperiperal.UARTsekaranginitermasukdidalam
beberapamikrokontroler(contohnya,PIC16F628).
UART biasanya terdiri dari:
Penyangga(buffer)Transmit/Receive
Pengendali(control)Transmit/Receive
PenyanggaBusData
LogikaKendaliRead/Write
KendaliModem
USART Universal Synchronous-Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter
PWMGenerators
Pulse-width modulation
(PWM),orpulse-duration
modulation (PDM)isa
modulationtechniquethat
conformsthewidthofthepulse,
formallythepulseduration,
basedonamodulatorsignal
information.
Althoughthismodulation
techniquecanbeusedtoencode
informationfortransmission,its
mainuseistoallowthecontrol
ofthepowersuppliedto
electricaldevices,especiallyto
inertialloadssuchasmotors.
Watchdog Timer
Awatchdog timer(sometimescalled
acomputer operating
properlyorCOPtimer,orsimply
awatchdog)isanelectronictimerthatis
usedtodetectandrecoverfromcomputer
malfunctions.Duringnormaloperation,the
computerregularlyrestartsthewatchdog
timertopreventitfromelapsing,or
"timingout".
MIKROPROSESOR FAMILI
8051,8052
MCS-51Family
MCS-51UsersManualBook
MCS-51Family
MCS-51UsersManualBook
APLIKASI MCS-48
Cash register Pompa Bensin
SistemMinimum8051
MDS:Microprosesor
DevelopmentSystem
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Amicrocontrollercanbeconsideredaself-containedsystemwitha
processor,memoryandperipheralsandcanbeusedasan
embeddedsystem.[5]
Themajorityofmicrocontrollersinusetodayareembeddedinother
machinery,suchasautomobiles,telephones,appliances,and
peripheralsforcomputersystems.
Whilesomeembeddedsystemsareverysophisticated,manyhave
minimalrequirementsformemoryandprogramlength,withno
operatingsystem,andlowsoftwarecomplexity.
Typicalinputandoutputdevicesincludeswitches,relays,solenoids,
LEDs,smallorcustomLCDdisplays,radiofrequencydevices,and
sensorsfordatasuchastemperature,humidity,lightleveletc.
Embeddedsystemsusuallyhavenokeyboard,screen,disks,printers,
orotherrecognizableI/Odevicesofapersonalcomputer,andmay
lackhumaninteractiondevicesofanykind.
AVRMikrokontroler
The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8bit RISC single chip microcontroller which was
developed by Atmel in 1996.
The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families
to use on-chip flash memory for program storage,
as opposed to one-time programmable ROM,
EPROM, or EEPROM used by other
microcontrollers at the time.
Atmel says that the name AVR is creators of the
AVR Alf (Egil Bogen) andVegard (Wollan)'s RISC
processor.
AVR
AVR
RINGKASAN
Dalam aplikasi mikrokontroler yang utama adalah
identifikasi dan analisis masalah yang akan
diselesaikan dengan mikrokontroler.
Membandingkan fitur yang membedakan variasi dari
keluarga MCS-48 (karena jenis ini pertama kali
mikrokontroler), dan fitur/fungsi dan kompatibelitas
yang ditawarkan oleh beberapa pabrik.
Mempertimbangkan kreteria antara lain variasi dari
kecepatan, kemasan, memory dan harga per unit
serta aspek ketersedian bahasa programan.
Menerapkan mikrokontroler dengan memprogram
efisien menuju sistem real-time (sistem embedded).
RUJUKAN
http://www.tutorial-mikrokontroler.com/
http://www.wikipedia.org
http://8051-microcontrollers.blogspot.com/2013/02/8051-microcon
troller-hardware.html#.UXSXg7VHLI4