ORGAN SYSTEMS

of SOME ANIMALS
Sponges

Mollusks

Fish

Birds

Hydra

Insects

Amphibians

Mammals

Earthworm

Echinoderms

Reptiles

SPONGES
In invertibrates such as sponges, digestion occurs
within individual cells. Its body is perforated by many
pores through which water enters its cavity.
Spicules - hard needles between outer and inner cell
layers
Spongin fibers of a tough protein
Sponges have no guts
Consume only organisms small enough to be absorbed
by the cella lining its internal cavity
Rhicamille Pongan | Science

Click icon to add picture

SPONGES
Example of sponges

Rhicamille Pongan | Science

HYDRA
Incomplete digestive system
There is a single opening known as the gastrovascular cavity which
serves as mouth and anus
The cells of hydra are organized into tissues
The inner gut cavity or its gastrovascular cavity Is specialized for
extracellular digestion
The outer cell layer contains stinging cells called mematocysts
Hydra takes in food by paralyzing its prey with its stinging cella found
in the tentacles
The inner layer is specialized for releasing digestive enzymes and
absorbing nutrients from the digested food
Rhicamille Pongan | Science

Click icon to add picture

HYDRA

Rhicamille Pongan | Science

E A RT H W O R M
The first segmented worms to evolve
Their body is partitioned into segments
Front segments contain a small brain and the
sense organs
A nerve cord that runs along the underside of the
worm connects the nerve centers with the brain to
coordinate all body activities
Digestive tract extends from the mouth to anus
Rhicamille Pongan | Science

Click icon to add picture

E A RT H W O R M
Example of sponges

Rhicamille Pongan | Science

M O L LU S K S

Mollusks have organ systems fro circulation, respiration, digestion,

excretion, nerve impulse conduction, and reproduction

Three body parts: Muscular foot, Head, and Visceral mass

Muscular foot used in locomotion

Head contains the mouth, sense organs, and cerebral ganglia

Visceral mass contains the heart and the organs of digestion, excretion,
and reproduction

Covering the visceral mass is the mantle, an epidermal layer that, in

most species secretes a shell

Rhicamille Pongan | Science

Click icon to add picture

MOLLUSKS
Example of a mollusk.

Rhicamille Pongan | Science

INSECTS
Also known as Arthropods.
Have a coelom, segmented bodies and jointed appendages.
Body has three regions: head, thorax and abdomen.
Also have an external skeleton or exoskeleton, made of
chitin.
They breath through tiny openings on their abdomen and
thorax called spiracles the go though tracheae.
Nerve impulses travel up the nerve cords to the nerve
ganglia that form the brain.

Jamaeca Silverio | Science

INSECTS

Body structure of fly and bee.

Jamaeca Silverio | Science

ECHINODERMS
Echinoderms bear an important evolutionary
relationship to vertebrates.
Most of this have an internal skeleton called
endoskeleton compose of calcium plates.
Have a water-vascular system.
Have numerous tube feet.
Enzymes secreted by the stomach digest the
foods.
Jamaeca Silverio | Science

ECHINODERMS
Starfish have no circulatory, respiratory or
excretory systems.
They have nervous system but no head nor
brains.
Each arm has an eyespot that responds to light
and a tentacle that responds to touch.

Jamaeca Silverio | Science

ECHINODERMS
Example of a Star
Fish without a head
nor brain.

Jamaeca Silverio | Science

ECHINODERMS

Examples of echinoderms: (a) Sea Star (b) Sand Dollar

Jamaeca Silverio | Science

FISH
All fish have gills that are composed of tiny
filaments.
They have well-developed sense organs.
Able to see, Animals that have backbone that live
in water.
Usually have paired fins, scales, and gills that has
many tiny blood vessels.
Have a closed circulatory system.
Jamaeca Silverio | Science

FISH
Most fishes get rid of wastes as ammonia.
Kidney is very helpful in controlling the amount of
water in their bodies.
Have well-developed nervous system.
Most fishes have lateral line system.

Jamaeca Silverio | Science

Click icon to add picture

Water flows in
through the
mouth

FISH
Water enters the fish through its mouth and goes out through the gills.

Jamaeca Silverio | Science

AMPHIBIANS
Amphibians include frogs, toads and salamanders.
Most amphibians, except salamanders, have
lungs for gas exchange.
In adult amphibians, the circulatory system forms
a double loop.
The heart has three chambers: the left atria, right
atria and ventricle.
Digestion is performed by the following digestive
organs: esophagus..
Jamaeca Silverio | Science

AMPHIBIANS
Kidney removes waste from blood.
Urine passes to the cloaca.
Have well-developed nervous and sensory
systems.
Many amphibian have lateral line system that
detects water movement.

Jamaeca Silverio | Science

Click icon to add picture

AMPHIBIANS
The internal organs of a frog.

Jamaeca Silverio | Science

REPTILES
Have a body covering of horny scales or plates for
protection.
Breath through lungs, elimination respiration through
gills.
Have three-chambered heart.
Excretory systems is also well-adapted to life on land.
Rate of metabolism is based in body temperature.
Regulate their temperature by behavior.
Karl Gonza | Science

Click icon to add picture

REPTILES
Different types of reptiles and facts about them.

BIRDS
All birds have feather and almost all are capable of
flying
Birds are light-weighted.
Have air sacs that stores inhaled air.
Have four-chambered heart.
Have crop to store and moisten food.
Have also a gizzard that contains swallowed stones.
Large Brains
Karl Gonza | Science

Click icon to add picture

BIRDS
The bird lung and digestive tract are specialized to enabled birds go on
long, sustained flights.
Karl Gonza | Science

Click icon to add picture

BIRDS
Types of birds.

Karl Gonza | Science

MAMMALS
Share commons features such as presence of
hair, warm-blooded, four-chambered heart,
presence of muscles, a diaphragm that aids
breathing, four different types of teeth, a highlydeveloped brain and viviparous females who can
give birth to their young alive.
Have a system to adapt its environment.
Hair is a reflection of their adaptations.
Karl Gonza | Science

Click icon to add picture

MAMMALS
Different body hair of man depending on where they live.

Karl Gonza | Science

MAMMALS
The four-chambered heart and diaphragm are also
adaptation for endotherm.
Diaphragm aids efficient breathing.
Four-chambered heart is for efficient blood
pumping.
Most mammals have specialized types of teeth.
All organ system do not function alone.

Karl Gonza | Science

Click icon to add picture

MAMMALS
Teeth of various shapes enabled mammals to eat a wide variety of food.

Karl Gonza | Science

END

ORGAN SYSTEMS
of SOME ANIMALS
Sponges

Mollusks

Fish

Birds

Hydra

Insects

Amphibians

Mammals

Earthworm

Echinoderms

Reptiles