BIOL 111: Lab Topic 3

Diffusion and
Osmosis

Function of Membranes
1. Protect cell
2. Control incoming and outgoing
substances
3. Maintain ion concentrations of
various substances
4. Selectively permeable - allows
some molecules in, others are
kept out

Cell Membranes - made of Phospholipids

HYDROPHILIC

heads
-Attracted to the
water
POLAR
HYDROPHOBIC

tails

A Phospholipid Bilayer
BILAYERS
2 layers of
phospholipids
Hydrophobic
tails protected
inside by the
hydrophilic
heads.

Movement of selected molecules across the

cell membrane

Fluid Mosaic Model

Fluid Mosaic
Cell membranes contain proteins within
the phospholipid bilayer.
FLUID- because individual phospholipids
and proteins can move around freely
within the layer, like its a liquid.
MOSAIC- because of the pattern produced
by the scattered protein molecules when
the membrane is viewed from above.

Concepts and Terms

Cells strive to maintain a steady cell
state through the regulation of the
movement of materials through the
cytoplasm, across organelle
membrane, and plasma membrane
Some cell activity occurs passively
and allows movement through
DIFFUSION; physical process that
moves molecules from a high
concentration to a lower

Concepts and Terms

(cont)
Solvent dissolving agent
(or the liquid into which the solute is poured and
dissolved)
Solute- Dissolved substance
(or substance that is dissolved or put into the
solvent).
Solution- consist of a solvent and
solute(liquid/solid)
Selective permeable- allows water to pass
freely but regulates solute

Concepts and Terms (cont..)

Osmosis is a type of diffusion
Movement of water through a selectively
permeable membrane from region where it is
highly concentration to a region where is
concentration is lower.
Active movement of substance in and out of
cells required the expenditure of adenosine
triphosphate(ATP)
In a cell the dissolved substance that are a
part of the aqueous solution can be organic
molecules and inorganic molecules.
the osmotically active substance used in the
lab experiment will be starch.

Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area
of high concentration to an area of
low concentration.
Movement from one side of a
membrane to another, un-facilitated

Diffusion

Osmosis

is a type of diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane

Methods of Transport Across

Membranes
1. Diffusion -passive transport - no
energy expended
2. Osmosis - Passive transport of water
across membrane
3. Facilitated Diffusion Passive transportUse of proteins to carry polar molecules or
ions across
4. Active Transport- requires energy to
transport molecules against a
concentration gradient energy is
in the form of ATP

Types of Transport

Tonicity
Hypertonic solution has a higher
concentration on the outside of cells than
the inside of it.
Hypotonic solution when the solution
on the outside of the cell has a lower
solvent concentration than the inside of
the cell
Isotonic solution- the solution on the
outside has the same amount of solvent on
the inside of the cell

Plant and Animal Cells put into

various solutions

Osmotic behavior in cells and cell

wall
Plasmolysis- is the process when the
protoplast shrinks away from the cell wall.
Flaccid is when there is an isotonic in
the plant cell.
Turgid pressure- is when the cell wall
restricts the expansion of the plasma
membrane causing a normal state
( pressure of the protoplast on the cell
wall owing to uptake of water)

Lab Topic 3: Diffusion and Osmosis

I2KI (iodine potassium iodide) test will be
used to identify to presence of starch or
I2KIIndicator for starch
The bag inside the beaker turned to Purple
color because iodine moved within the
bag.
I2kI, glucose, starch this the order according
to molecular weight (least to greatest)
Bendedicts test will be used to identify to
presence of Glucose

Lab Topic 3: Diffusion and Osmosis

PART A Test for Starch

4 pipette (or 4ml) of glucose, 4 pipette(or 4ml) of starch
in sandwich bag
150mL of water into beaker, pipette few drops of I2KI in
to beaker until color change to amber yellow
Place the bag solution in to beaker, wait 30 min
Observe color in the bag and record in Table 3.1
PART B Benedicts Test test for Glucose
Label 3 test tubes: control, bag, and beaker
Put 2 pipettesful (or 2ml) of water control tube
Put 2 pipettesful( or 2ml) of bag solution bag tube
Put 2 pipettesful (or 2ml) of beaker solutionbeaker
tube
- Add 1 drop of Benedicts Reagent in each tube
- Heat in boiling water for 3 mins