Learning Process

Theories
By : Malyn C. Singson
MaEd GS740

Topics

Definition of Learning
Definition of Theories
Importance of Learning Theories to
educators
Kinds of students learning
The Cone of Learning
Six (6) main theories of learning
Behaviorism
process
Cognitivism
Social Constructivism
Social Learning
Multiple Intelligence
Brain-based learning

Learning
the acquisition of knowledge or skills
through
experience, study, or by being
The
process
of
gaining
knowledge.
acquiring
new,
or
modifying
and
taught.
reinforcing
existing knowledge, behavior, skills,
values or
preferences and may involve
synthesizing
different types of information.
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Theories

Is a system of ideas intended to

explain
something, such as a single or
collection
of facts, events of phenomena.
a general explanation for observation
made
overtime.
Explains and predicts behavior.

Learning Theories
- Are the conceptual framework

that described how information

is
absorbed,
process
and
retaining during learning.

Kinds of Students Learning

1. Passive is a learning in which
student sits in the classroom and
listen to teacher lecture about the
subject.
2. Active is a learning that
actively involves the students thru
questions, discussion, interaction
and debating the subject matter.
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The Cone of Learning

Learning Outcomes:
Students are able to

Learning Activities:
Students generally remember

Define
Describe
List
Explain

10% of what they read

20% of what they hear
30% of what they see
50% of what they see and
hear
70% of what they say
and write
90% of what they
do

PASSIVE
LEARNING

ACTIVE
LEARNING

Demonstrate
Apply
Practice

Analyze
Create
Define
Evaluate

Importance of Learning to
Educators
To know the nature and relationship between
teachers and students.
Help teachers to avoid seeking toolkit
approach of wanting simple answers to complex
problems.

Theories and practices helps educators to

understand the reason for their actions and
foundations for re-evaluating them.

Used as tools
for the purpose
and method
assessment.

Useful in
analyzing
teaching
practices.

To know
what is the
real problem
and be aware
of it.

Six (6) Learning Theories

Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Social Learning Theory
Social Constructivism
Multiple Intelligence
Brain-based Learning
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Behaviorism
Theory of Learning

Teachers must learn

how to teach
they need only to be
taught more effective
ways of teaching.
B.F.Skinner

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Behaviorism

(Ivan Pavlovs Classical Conditioning

B. F. Skinners Operant Conditioning)

Behaviorism is a learning theory, is based

on a change in knowledge through

controlled stimulus/response conditioning.
It is observable and measurable behavior.
Learning is a result of
environmental
factors.
- The

learner needs reinforcements to

keep interest.
Learner is dependent upon instructor
for acquisition
of knowledge.

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Cognitivism
(Jean Piaget Theory)

means through interaction and self

cognition
development
to
acquire
knowledge, and concern what learner know
and how to use efficiency way to processing
information.

It focuses on the inner

mental activities opening
the black box of the human
mind
is
valuable
and
necessary for understanding
how people learn. Knowledge

can be seen as schema or symbolic

mental constructions. Learning is
defined as change in a learners
schemata.

12

Social Learning
(A. Banduras Theory)

Is theory added a social element, arguing

that people can learn new information and
behaviors by watching other people or
through environmental influences.
-

Conditions
modeling:

for

effective

1.Attention watching behavior

occur
2.Retention recalling of what
was observed
3.Reproduction replicating
behaviors
4.Motivation influencing
someone to do something

Social Constructivism
(Led S. Vygotsky Theory)

is a theory of knowledge
in
sociology
and
communication
that
examines the development
of jointly understanding of
the world. The level of
potential developments is
the
level at which learning

The
level
of
ACTUAL
takes
place. is the LEVEL of
development
development that the learners has
already reached and is the level at
which learner is capable of solving
problems independently.

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Multiple Intelligences
(Howard Gardner Theory)

is a theory of
intelligence
that
differentiates it into
specific
(Primary
sensory)
modalities
rather
than
seeing
intelligence
as
by single
dominated
Each individual possess
unique
blend
of all intelligence.
general
ability.

The theory of multiple

intelligence should empower
learners not restrict them to one
modality of learners.

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Eight (8) types of

Multiple Intelligences

Musical/rhythmic ability to produce rhythm,

appreciate pitch
and
Visual/Spatial
capacity to think images and
timber.
Verbal/Linguistic sensitivity to the sounds and
pictures.
meaning
of words
Logical/Mathematical
ability to think conceptually
and
discern
Bodily kinesthetic
ability to handle object skillfully
patterns.
and control
body
movements.
Interpersonal
capacity to respond appropriately t
others.
Intrapersonal capacity to self-aware and in tune inn
feelings.
Naturalistic ability to recognize objects, plants in natur

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Brain-based Learning
is a theory based on
the
structure
and
function of the human
brain.
It constantly
accessing
information
and
interpreting
its
environment
and
continuously interacting
with its surrounding to
and how to function
learn
Each brain is unique because it
appropriately.
process
information in ways that
makes sense to the one brain may
not make sense to another.
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Brain-based
learning
educational concepts:

encompasses

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