ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

Design of laterally
restrained beams

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

Learning out-comes
At the end of this lecture, the student
should be able to:
a)
b)
c)

Check the classification of the section (CO1)

Design the section for shear and bending(CO2)
Check the section web bearing and web buckling
(CO1, CO2)

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

Introduction

Steel beams are lateral members in steel structures

which designed to carry lateral loads and resisted by
bending and shear.

Steel beams can be categorized as full lateral restrained

beam and unrestrained beam

Full lateral restrained beams (discussed further in this

code) are those beams which can not fail by lateral
instability

Unrestrained beams are beams that can fail by lateral

torsional buckling (LTB) due to buckling and twisting of
the members

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

Full lateral restrained beams include composite beam

with topping of concrete slab, UB, UC, CHS, RHS, SHS
and metal decks.
Figure shows the composite beam with concrete topping
connected to each other using shear headed studs.
Thus, the top flange of steel beam is fully restrained by
concrete slab without any movement and rotation when
subjected to bending
F

An example of full lateral restrained beam

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

Design Procedure for laterally restrained beam

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Resistance of cross section due to bending and shear

Shear buckling resistance
Flange induced buckling
Resistance of web to transverse forces (web buckling)
Deflection (SLS)

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

1. Resistance of cross section due to bending and shear

Moment Resistance, Mc,Rd > MEd
EC 3

BS5950
Plastic and Compact sections

Mc=pyS
Semi-Compact sections

Mc=pyZ

Mc=pySeff

Class 1&2 sections

Mpl,Rd=fyWpl/ M0
Class 3 sections

Mel,Rd=fyWel.min/ M0
Class 4 sections

Slender sections

Mc=pyZeff
Reduction for shear if Fv<0.6Pv

Mc,Rd=fyWeff.min/ M0
Reduction for shear if
VEd.>0,5Vpl.Rd

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

Shear Resistance, Vc,Rd > VEd

EC 3

BS5950
Pv=0.6 PyAv
Av =tD

Vpl,Rd= Av (fy/3)/ M0
Shear area, Av =A-2btf+(tw+2r)tf
Av hwtf

where = 1

2. Shear buckling resistance

Shear Buckling if

Check shear Buckling if

d/t > 70
hw/tw > 72
= 1 mostly)

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

3. Flange induced buckling

- To prevent the possibility of the compression flange buckling in the plane
of the web.

hw/tw k (E/fyf)[Aw/Afc] 0.5

where:
Aw = web area
Afc = compression flange area
fyf = compression flange yield strength
k = 0.3 (class 1); 0.4 (class 2); 0.55 (class 3 and 4)

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

4. Resistance of web to transverse forces

1
2
3

crippling

Crushing of webs + plastic deformation of flange

Crippling and crushing web + plastic deformation of flange
Buckling of web over most of depth
buckling

Force resisted by web shear

The web is likely to

fail as a 1 or 2

Force transmitted
through web

The web is likely to

fail as a 1 or 3

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

4. Resistance of web to transverse forces

Design resistance of webs to local buckling,
FRd = fyw Leff tw / M0 > VEd

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

5. Deflections
EC 3

BS5950
Pre-camber,

Permanent action, 1

Imposed load only

Variable action, 2

Span/360

Brittle finishes

Span/200

General

2 <L/350 Brittle finishes

2 <L/300 General

max=( 1 + 2 0) <L/250

max

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

EC 3 recommends that checks on vertical deflection, under

unfactored variable action should be carried out and compare
with the limits shown in table below.

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

Example ;
Check the suitability of 356 x 171 x 51 UB section to span
(simply supported) 8.0 metres in S275 steel loaded by
UDLs gk = 8 kN/m and qk = 6 kN/m.
Assume beam is fully laterally restrained and beam sits
on 100 mm bearings.

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

FEd

= (1.35 x 8 + 1.50 x 6) x 8.0

= 158.4 kN
MEd = FEd.L/8
= 158.4 x 8/8
= 158.4 kNm
Flange thickness tf = 11.5 mm, hence fy (S275) = 275 N/mm2.
= (235/fy)0.5 = (235/275)0.5 = 0.92
Flange outstand, c = (b tw -2r)/2 = 71.9 mm
c/tf = 71.9/11.5 = 6.25 < 9 (= 8.28)
Web (d = 312.3 mm)
d/tw = 312.3/7.3 = 42.8 < 72 (= 66.2)
Therefore section CLASS 1.

ECS 458 Chapter 2 :

Structural Steel Design Design of Laterally Restrained Beams

Bending moment:
Mpl,Rd = (Wpl,y fy)/M0
= (895 x 103 x 275)/1.0
= 246.1 kNm
> MEd (=158.4 kNm) OK
Shear resistance:
VEd = FEd/2 = 79.2 kN
For class 1 section use plastic shear resistance:
Vpl,Rd = Av(fy/3)/M0.
Av = A 2btf + (tw + 2r)tf hwtw (=2428 mm2)
= 64.6 x 102 2 x 171.5 x 11.5 + (7.3 + 2 x 10.2) x 11.5
= 2834 mm2
Hence, Vpl,Rd = 2834 (275/ 3)/1.00