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Tracheobronchial Tree
and
Bronchopulmonary
Segments With Summary Of
Histology
Presented by
Jega Subramaniam Student
Guided by
Dr Venugopal, Dr Manah Chandra,
Dr Gargi Sonni & Dr Ravindra
Intr
o
Organization of Respiratory
System
Conducting portion
Nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
primary bronchi to the
terminal bronchioles
Respiratory Portion
respiratory
bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveoli
Anatomical
Dead Space
Intr
o
ACINUS
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli
Tracheobronchial Tree
Its a Invasion of Primary Bronchus into hilum of the lungs
and their branching structure of airways supplying air to the
lungs.
Segmental
Bronchus
AUNTY
PINKY
AND
LINKY
MARRIE
D
Segmental
Bronchus
Inferior Lobar
Bronchus gives off : Med to LatSUNDAY
Superior
Medial
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Basal
Segmental
Bronchus
MORNIN
G
AT
PULAU
LANGKA
WI
Segmental Bronchus
Cranial
Branch
Its =
middle
Lobar
Bronchus of
Right Lung
Branch
Inferior Lobar Bronchus
gives off :
Superior
Medial
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Basal
Segmental
Bronchus
AUNTY
PINKY
AND
LINKY
MARRIE
D
SUNDAY
MidMORNIN
to Lat
G
AT
PULAU
LANGKA
WI
Tracheobronchial Tree
Tracheobronchial Tree
T
R
A
C
H
E
A
APICAL
LATERAL
.B
M.L
Lateral
Basal
Post
Basal
Superior
Medial
Basal
ANTERIOR
BASAL
I.L.
B
.B
I.L
MEDIAL
S.L.B
.B
L. P
S.L.B
R.P
.B
ANTERIO
R
POSTERI
OR
ANTERIO
R
B
.
SUPERIO
L
R
LINGULA
INFERIO
R R
LINGULA
R
Lateral
Basal
No
B
C.
POSTERI
OR
APICAL
of
Segmental
RIGHT Bronchus
LEFT Lung
Lung 3
3+
SUPERIOR
2
LOBE
MIDDLE LOBE 2
INFERIOR
5
5
Post
Basal
Broncopulmanory Segements
Clinical Importance
1. Segmental Resection
Refers to - Single infected segment can be
(Segmentectomy).
surgically removed without affecting its
neighbours.
Infections - never crosses the intersegmental
septa and are restricted to one
bronchopulmonary segment except
Tuberculosis and Cancer .
2.
Postural drainage
Broncopulmanory Segements
Right lung
Subdivided into three lobes
with ten segments:
Right upper lobe
1. Apical
2. Posterior
3. Anterior
Right middle lobe
4. Lateral
5. Medial
Right lower lobe
6. Superior
7. Medial Basal
8. Anterior Basal
10 Posterior Basal
9 Lateral Basal
Costal aspect
Medial
Surface
Broncopulmanory Segements
Left Lung
Costal aspect
Upper Lobe
Apical
Posterior
Anterior
Superior Lingular
Inferior Lingular
Medial
Surface
Bronchiole
Segmental bronchi
2 to 10 alveolar ducts.
Alveolus
Singular - alveolus , plural: alveoli
"little cavity
Latiin -
Alveolus
Type I cells (simple squamous
epithelium) 95 %
Type II cells (cuboidal epithelium) 5 %
21
Alveolus
Contain some collagen and elastic fibres
Elastic fibers - allow the alveoli to stretch and Spring back
during and inhalation and exhalation
Each alveolus Interconnect by way of alveolar pores ( Pores of
Kohn )
Histology of alveoli
Respiratory Membrane
Is the barrier between alveolar air and blood
A.K.A alveolarcapillary barrier or
membrane
Permeable to molecular O2 , CO2 , CO and
many other gases.
Only simple squamous alveolar cells and
squmous endothelial cells of capilary
Their both basement membrane are fused
Prevents air bubbles from forming in the blood and blood from entering the
alveoli.
Histology
Trachea
Fibrous connective tissue
Cartilaginous Layer Hyaline Cartilage
Glandular
Mucos Membrane
Part
Lamina
Propria
Secrete Mucos
Has lining Epithelia
- Psedostratified
Ciliated Columnar
Bronchus
Fibrous connective tissue
Muscular Layer , which have elastic fibers in
between
Cartilaganeous Layer Glandular
Hyaline Cartilage
Mucos Membrane
Secrete
Part
Lamina
Propria
Mucos
- Psedostratified Ciliated
Columnar Ep.
Upper Part
of
Bronchus
Towards
the lower
parts of the
Bronchiole
No cartilage
Smooth Muscle is major component
Lined by Simple Cuboidal Ep.
No Mucos Glands
Occasionally Goblet Cells found
Small no . of Neuroendocrine Cells sometimes
cluster to form neuroepithelial bodies
Clara Cells Present
Respiratory Zone
A.Duct
Alveoli 2
types of lining
epithelia
A.Sac
Glandular Alveoli
Simple Cuboidal
Septal Alveoli Ep
Simple Squamous Ep
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Upper
Part
Lower
Part
Pseudostratified
Ciliated Columnar Ep.
Upper
Part
Lower
Part
Lower
Bronchiole
Terminal
Resp
Alveolar Duct
Alveoli
Sept
al
Glandul
Simple Squmous Ep
Simple Cuboidal Ep.
Dear
Lecturers
and Friends
Reference
Gratitude
Sincere thanks to the Lectures
from Dept Of Anatomy , IMS. Each of
you have helped me a lot by explaining the concept of the topic and
guiding my presentation.
Thank You Dr Venugopal