COURSE:

NCM 314: Care of Clients Across the Lifespan with

Problems in Oxygenation, Fluid and Electrolyte
Balance, Metabolism and Endocrine

MODULE 2 :

CONCEPT OF ILLNESS
AND DISEASE

The mode of
beinghealthyincludes, as
defined by
theWHO.Developmental
disabilityis a term used to
describe severe, life-long
disabilities attributable to

When these conditions are

not fulfilled, then one can
be considered to have an
illness or be ill. Medication
and the science
ofpharmacologyis used to
cure or reduce symptoms of

Developmental disabilityis a
term used to describe
severe, life-long disabilities
attributable to mental
and/or physical
impairments.

QUESTION:
What is the difference
between ILLNESS and
DISEASE?

Definition of Terms:

ILLNESS
Is a personal state in which the
person feels unhealthy.

Definition of Terms:

DISEASE
Disturbance of structure or of
function of the body or its
constituent parts or a shortening
of the normal life span.

Definition of Terms:

HEALTH
State of complete physical,
mental, social well-being, not
merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.

Definition of Terms:

MORTALITY
Condition or quality of being
subject to death.

Definition of Terms:

SYNDROME
A set of symptoms, the sum of
which constitutes a disease.

Definition of Terms:

PATHOLOGY
Branch of medicine which deals
with the cause, nature, treatment
and resultant structural and
functional changes of disease.

Definition of Terms:

PROGNOSIS
The act or art of foretelling the
course of the disease. The
prospect of survival and recovery
from a disease.

Definition of Terms:

INJURY
Hurt, damage, or loss sustained.

Definition of Terms:

MORBIDITY
Condition of being diseased.

Definition of Terms:

HOMEOSTASIS
The maintenance of relatively
stable internal physiological
conditions

Definition of Terms:

INFLAMMATION
A local response to cellular injury

Definition of Terms:

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Physiology of abnormal state.

Definition of Terms:

ETIOLOGIC AGENT
One that possesses the potential
for producing injury or disease.

Definition of Terms:

SIGN
An objective symptom or
objective evidence or physical
manifestation.

Definition of Terms:

SYMPTOM
Any disorder of appearance,
sensation or function
experienced by the patient
indicative of a certain phase of a

RISK
FACTORS
OF A

Risk Factors of Disease:

1. GENETIC AND
PHYSIOLOGICAL
2. AGE
3. ENVIRONMENT
4. LIFESTYLE

PRECURSORS
OF ILLNESS

Precursor of Illness:

1.Heredity
2.Behavioural Factors
3.Environmental
Factors

COMMON CAUSE
OF DISEASE

Common Cause of Disease:

1. Biologic Agent
2. Inherited Genetic
Defects
3. Development Defects
4. Physical Agent
5. Chemical Agents

Common Cause of Disease:

6. Tissue response to
irritation/injury
7. Faulty
chemical/metabolic
process
8. Emotional/Physical

STAGES OF
ILLNESS

Stages of Illness:

1. SYMPTOM EXPERIENCE
-. Transition stage
-. The person believes
something is wrong
-. Experience some
symptoms
-. 3 Aspects:

Stages of Illness:

a. Physical
b. Cognitive
c. Emotional

Stages of Illness:

2. ASSUMPTION OF THE
SICK ROLE
- Acceptance of the
illness
- Seeks advice, support
for decision to give up
some activities.

Stages of Illness:

2. ASSUMPTION OF THE
SICK ROLE
Four Aspect of Sick Role:
1. Cx are not responsible for
their condition.
2. Cx are excused from
certain social roles and tasks.

Stages of Illness:

2. ASSUMPTION OF THE
SICK ROLE
Four Aspect of Sick Role:
3. Cx are obliged to try to get
well as quickly as possible.
4. Cx or their families are
obliged to seek competent

Stages of Illness:

2. ASSUMPTION OF THE
SICK ROLE
3 Distinct criteria to
determine if a person is
ill:
1. Presence of symptoms

Stages of Illness:

3. MEDICAL CARE CONTACT

- Seeks advice of health
professionals

Stages of Illness:

4. DEPENDENT PATIENT
ROLE
- client dependent on the
health professional for
help.

Stages of Illness:

5.
-

RECOVERY/REHABILITATI
ON
client dependent on the
health professional for
help.

CLASSIFICAT
ION OF
DISEASES

Classification of a Disease:

1. ACCORDING TO ETIOLOGIC
FACTORS
- Hereditary - Allergic
- Congenital - Neoplastic
- Metabolic - Idiopathic
- Deficiency - Degenerative
- Traumatic - Iatrogenic

Classification of a Disease:

2. ACCORDING TO DURATION
OR ONSET
a. ACUTE ILLNESS
- short duration or appear
abruptly and subside after
relatively short period.

Classification of a Disease:

2. ACCORDING TO DURATION
OR ONSET
b. CHRONIC ILLNESS
- slow onset. Persist
usually longer than 6
months.
Characterized by:

Classification of a Disease:

2. ACCORDING TO DURATION
OR ONSET
b. SUB-ACUTE
- symptoms are
pronounced but more
prolonged than in acute
disease

Classification of a Disease:

3. OTHERS. Disease may also be

described as:

a. Organic
b. Functional
c. Occupational
d. Familial
e. Venereal

Classification of a Disease:

3. OTHERS. Disease may also be

described as:

f. Epidemic
g. Endemic
h. Pandemic
i. Sporadic

EFFECTS OF
ILLNESS

Effects of Illness:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Privacy
Autonomy
Financial Burden
Life-style
Family and Significant
others

Effects of Illness:

Factors that determine the

extent of effects of
illness:
- The member of the family
who is ill
- The seriousness and length
of the illness

Effects of Illness:

Changes that occur in the

family:
- Role Changes
- Tasks reassignments and
increase demands on time
- Increase stress due to anxiety
about the outcome of the

Effects of Illness:

Changes that occur in the

family:
- Loneliness from separation and
pending loss
- Change in social customs

LEVELS OF
PREVENTION

Levels of Prevention:

1. PRIMARY PREVENTION
-

quit smoking
avoid/limit alcohol intake
exercise regularly
complete immunization
maintain ideal body weight

- take adequate fluids

Levels of Prevention:

2. SECONDARY PREVENTION
- sputum examination
- rectal examination
- annual physical examination
- monthly BSE for women who
are 20 y/o and above.

Levels of Prevention:

3. TERTIARY PREVENTION
- self-monitoring of blood
glucose among diabetics
- PT after CVA
- Undergoing speech therapy
after laryngectomy

TYPES OF
HEALTH
PROMOTION

Types of Health Promotion:

1. INFORMATION
DISSEMINATION
- use of variety of media to
offer information to the public
about the particular lifestyle.

Types of Health Promotion:

2. HEALTH APPRAISAL AND

WELLNESS ASSESSMENT
PROGRAMS
- reduce specific risk and
develop positive health habits.

Types of Health Promotion:

3. LIFESTYLE AND BEHAVIOR

CHANGE PROGRAM
- geared toward enhancing the
quality of life and extending
the life span.

Types of Health Promotion:

4. WORKSITE WELLNESS
PROGRAMS
- include programs that serve
the needs of persons in their
workplace.
5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
PROGRAMS