3-Phase Induction Motor

SYl: Principle, Construction, Rotating magnetic field, slip,

torque, char, power stages, Eq ckt, Vector Diagram, Motor
Tests, Starters, Speed Control, Enclosures and Motor
Classes

Syl: Double field revolving theory, Torque-slip curve,

Eq Ckt, Making 1- Phase motor self starting, capacitors
starts and run motor, Universal motor

Basic Concepts
Faradays law of EMI
Lentzs law
3 Phase supply of Generator

3-Phase Induction Motor

With AC system universally adopted, use of AC motor has

been widened considerably .
Available with bewildering multiplicity of types.

Induction Motor

General Principle

DC motor receives power by conduction ( brush,

Commutator) but an induction motor receives power
by induction like a 2 winding transformer, So it is
treated as Rotating Transformer

2-Winding Transformer

Construction

Stator
A number of stampings slotted to receive
winding
Carries 3 phase windings fed from 3 phase
supply.
Wound for definite number of poles, P=2n,
n = no of slots /pole/phase.
Stator windings when supplied with 3 phase
currents produces a magnetic flux which is of
constant magnitude but rotates at synchronous
speed Ns

Rotor

Squirrel Cage rotor(Squirrel cage motor)

Phase wound rotor ( Wound Motor)

Rotor
Squirrel Cage is 90% of rotors.
Cylindrical laminated core with parallel slots for
carrying rotor conductors. Conductors are not
bars but heavy copper bar or Al or Alloys, Bars
are welded to short circuited end rings.
Not possible to add any external resistance ( for
Starting purposes)

Rotor Construction

Rotor ( Phase wound)

Rotor has 3 phase double layered
distributed winding consists of coil.
Other three terminals are bought out
together and connected to slip-rings
mounted with shaft and brushes.
3 brushes are connected to 3 phase star
rheostat for starting and speed control by
means of Metal collar. Brushes are
automatically shifted to reduce frictional
losses and wear and tear.
Under normal running rotor is short

Rotor ( Phase wound)

Parts of motor

Parts of Motor

Rotating Magnetic Field (2

)

Rotating Magnetic Field (2 ) contd

Rotating Magnetic Field (3

)

Rotating Magnetic Field (3 ) contd

Rotating Magnetic Field (3 ) contd

Rotating Magnetic Field (3 ) contd

When the 3-phase stator windings, are fed by a 3-phase supply then
a magnetic flux of constant magnitude, but rotating at synchronous
speed, is set up.
The flux passes through the air-gap, sweeps past the rotor surface
and so cuts the rotor conductors which, as yet, are stationary.
Due to the relative speed between the rotating flux and the
stationary conductors, an e.m.f. is induced in the latter, according to
Faradays laws of electro-magnetic-induction. The frequency of the
induced e.m.f. is the same as the supply frequency. Its magnitude is
proportional to the relative velocity between the flux and the
conductors
and its direction is given by Flemings Right-hand rule.
Since the rotor bars or conductors form a closed circuit, rotor current
is produced whose direction, as given by Lenzs law, is such as to
oppose the very cause producing it.
In this case, the cause which produces the rotor current is the relative
velocity between the rotating flux of the stator and the stationary

Slip and Frequency of rotor

current
Slip:

Frequency of rotor current:

Example problem

Example Problem

Power Developed in DC
motor

Torque

Torque and Rotor pf

Torque and Rotor pf ( Rotor

inductive)

Example Prob on Starting

Torque

Maximum Torque during

Running

Example problem on running torque

Relation between Torque

and Slip

Torque and Speed curve

Shape of Torque Speed

Curve

Plugging of Induction motor

Induction motor running as

generator

Induction motor as Generator

( contd)

Complete Torque Speed

curve

Power Stages of Induction

Motor

Power Flow in Induction

Motor

Power Flow of IM

Example problem on Power Flow of

IM

Example problem on Power

Flow

Induction Motor as Transformer

Induction motor as
Transformer

Equivalent Circuit

Approximate Equivalent
Circuit

Maximum Power Output

Example Problem

Accurate expression for mass defect

The mass of an atom is the sum of

Z protons
A-Z neutrons
Z electrons
The mass of 1 proton and 1 electron
mH atom,
form the mass of hydrogen
mN and the mass of
which is
m Z mis
neutron
H ( A Z ) mN M
E 931 Z mH ( A Z ) mN M MeV

Variation of Binding energy

Graph

8 MeV

B
E
A

Findings from graph

Binding energies of some light elemnt is very
small
The binding energies per nucleon rise very
sharply with the atomic mass number A and
reaches to a maximum value 8.8 MeV in the
neighbour hood of A = 50.
The maximum value binding energies per
nucleon is flat and it is still 8.4 MeV at A = 140.
For higher mass numbers, the value decreases
to 7.6 MeV and that is for Uranium. It is this
binding energy which is the fundamental cause
of release of energy during fission of nuclei of
high mass numbers.