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Dead Load
Dead loads are the loads of the structure and fixed components.
It is a permanent force that is relatively constant for a extended period
of time.
The force is gravitational.
Live Load
Live load is a changing force generated by mobile objects inside the
building, such as people within the building or stock in a warehouse.
The force is gravitational.
Environmental Load
Environmental loads are forces acting on the building from its
environment and may include wind, rain, earthquakes and
temperature changes.
The forces created can be either horizontal or vertical, positive or
negative.
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Vertical Forces
Dead loads
e.g. Weight of the
building
Environmental loads
e.g. Wind
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Horizontal Forces
Environmental loads
e.g. Wind
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Internal Forces
Internal forces :
Tensile Force
Torque
Torque
If opposing forces are applied at
different points, a structural
Internal forces in a structural element
element may become twisted.
Compressive Force
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Raymond Wong
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Steel
The Bank of China Tower is a steel trussedtube structure. The whole building acts as
a single tubular truss, with the diagonals
wrapping the building to transfer loads.
Bank of China Tower
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Truss
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