Abiotic

Wind

wind is generated by moving air.

formation of wind
The earth is affected by an unequally of heat
energy from the sun,differentiate between
different regions.

 warm air expands and rises up while cold air

condenses and sinks, hence resulting the flow
of air and forms WIND

What Causes Wind?

The wind blows because the sun heats land faster than
it heats water, which causes changes in air pressure.
Air pressure is a measure of how heavy a patch of air
and is and how much it pushes down on the earth.

 When hot air rises off the Earth, it is exerting

less pressure on Earth (Low Pressure)
Cold air is heavier so it presses down on
Earth with more force (High Pressure)

Chemical Nutrients

Nutrients are chemical elements that all plants

and animals require for growth. Nutrients are
often divided into two categories:
a. organic nutrients like fats, proteins, and
carbohydrates that are produced by other
living things.

 Organic nutrients contain carbon.

CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS
PROTEINTS
VITAMINS

Carbon is the life on

earth

Inorganic chemical
nutrients
b.

Is essentially any compound or elements that

is not carbon like minerals, water, oxygen, and
so on that occur naturally and are not
specifically produced by living things.

HERE DO INORGANIC
NUTRIENTS COME F
RO M

unoff from fertilized laws, croplands

nimal & human wastes (septic tanks
audry detergents
Distributon pipes
ndustria;l process
tmospheree

Salinity
The concentration of dissolved salt in a given
volume of water is called salinity.
Seawater is on average 35
Freshwater has very little salt, usually less
than 0.5 ppt

 Water with a salinity of 0.5 - 17 ppt is called

BRACKIS water, which is found in estuaries
and coastal salt marshes.
Water with salinity above 50 ppt is brine
water, though not many organisms can
survive in such a high salt concentration.

Osmosis
is the movement of water through a
semipermeable membrane (like skin and cell
membranes) from an area with a low
concentration of solute to an area of high
concentration. Solute means a dissolved
substance

Osmoconformers
An animal whose body fluids are in osmotic
balance with its environment.
Jellyfish and sea anemones are examples of
osmoconformers.

Osmoregulators
marine animals that are able to actively
control the salt concentration in their body.

 there are a variety of ways that they

regulate the amount of salt in their
body fluids
For example, some osmoregulators such as
some crabs and fish are able to maintain the
appropriate salt concentration in their bodies
by actively absorbing salt through their gill

soil
Soil is a vital part of the natural
environment. It is just as important as
plants, animals, rocks, landforms, lochs and
rivers. It influences the distribution of plant
species and provides a habitat for a wide
range of organisms.