Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MANAGEMENT
ACCOUNTING
Gail B. Wright
Professor Emeritus of Accounting
Bryant University
8th EDITION
BY
HANSEN & MOWEN
9 STANDARD COSTING
1
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
LEARNING GOALS
LEARNING
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES
1. Tell how unit standards are set; why
standard costing systems are adopted.
2. State the purpose of a standard cost sheet.
3. Describe basic concepts underlying
variance analysis & explain how they are
used for control.
Continued
3
LEARNING
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES
4. Compute materials & labor variances;
explain how they are used for control.
5. Calculate variable & fixed overhead
variances & give their definitions.
6. Prepare journal entries for variances
(Appendix).
LEARNING
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
LO 1
QUANTITY
QUANTITY STANDARDS:
STANDARDS:
Definition
Definition
10
LO 1
PRICE
PRICE STANDARDS:
STANDARDS: Definition
Definition
11
LO 1
LO 1
LO 1
14
LO 1
COST ASSIGNMENT
Standard costs are
readily available for
product costing in a
standard cost system.
EXHIBIT 9-1
15
LEARNING
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
16
LO 2
STANDARD
STANDARD COST
COST PER
PER UNIT:
UNIT:
Definition
Definition
17
LO 2
EXHIBIT 9-2
18
LEARNING
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
19
LO 3
TOTAL
TOTAL BUDGET
BUDGET VARIANCE:
VARIANCE:
Definition
Definition
20
LO 3
21
LO 3
LO 3
Total Variance
= (AP X AQ) (SP X SQ)
= Actual price x Actual quantity
Standard Price x Standard Quantity
23
LO 3
LEARNING
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
25
LO 4
26
LO 4
BLUE-CORN
BLUE-CORN FOODS,
FOODS, INC.:
INC.:
Background
Background
27
LO 4
EXHIBIT 9-5
28
LO 4
MATERIALS VARIANCES
Decompose total
materials variance
into price & usage
variances.
EXHIBIT 9-6
29
LO 4
MPV
= (AQ X AP) (AQ X SP)
= (AP SP)AQ
= ($0.0069 - $0.0060) 780,000
= $ 702 U
30
LO 4
31
LO 4
MPV AS PERFORMANCE
EVALUATION
Limitations
Limitations on
on using
using price
price variance
variance in
in
performance
performance evaluation:
evaluation: buying
buying lower
lower
quality
quality or
or too
too much
much inventory.
inventory. Results
Results
of
of investigation
investigation show
show shortage
shortage of
of usual
usual
grade
grade of
of corn;
corn; purchasing
purchasing agent
agent has
has no
no
control
control over
over supply.
supply.
32
LO 4
MUV
= (AQ X SP) (SQ X SP)
= (AQ SQ)SP
= (780,000 873,000) $0.006
= $ 558 F
33
LO 4
34
LO 4
35
LO 4
LABOR VARIANCES
Decompose total
labor variance into
rate & efficiency
variances.
EXHIBIT 9-7
36
LO 4
LRV
= (AH X AR) (AH X SR)
= (AR SR)AH
= ($7.35 - $7.00) 360
= $ 126 U
37
LO 4
38
LO 4
LEV
= (AH X SR) (SH X SR)
= (AH SH)SR
= (360 339.5) $7
= $ 143.50 U
39
LO 4
40
LO 4
41
LEARNING
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
42
LO 5
43
LO 5
LO 5
VARIABLE OVERHEAD
VARIANCE
Decomposes total
variable overhead
variance into
spending &
efficiency
variances.
EXHIBIT 9-8
45
LO 5
Spending Variance
= (AVOR X AH) (SVOR X AH)
= (AVOR SVOR)AH
= ($4.00 - $3.85) 400
= $ 60 U
46
LO 5
VARIABLE OVERHEAD
SPENDING VARIANCE
Variable
Variable overhead
overhead spending
spending variance
variance
arises
arises because
because prices
prices change.
change. ItIt
includes
includes things
things such
such as
as indirect
indirect
materials,
materials, indirect
indirect labor,
labor, electricity
electricity
maintenance,
maintenance, etc.
etc. Increase
Increase or
or decrease
decrease
in
in these
these items
items is
is beyond
beyond control
control of
of
managers.
managers.
47
LO 5
Efficiency Variance
= (AH SH)SVOR
= (400 378.3) $3.85
= $ 84 U
48
LO 5
$749,970
Practical activity
23,400 DLH
$32.05
Actual Results
Actual production
Actual fixed overhead cost
Standard hours allowed for actual production
LO 5
50
LO 5
FORMULA: Total
Fixed
Overhead Variance
LO 5
EXHIBIT 9-11
52
LO 5
LO 5
Volume Variance
= Budgeted Applied fixed overhead
= $479,970 - $687,473
= $62,497 U
54
LEARNING
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
55
LO 6
JOURNAL ENTRIES
Blue
Blue Corn
Corn must
must write
write journal
journal entries
entries
to
to enter
enter information
information for
for variances
variances
into
into accounting
accounting records.
records. Variances
Variances
are
are closed
closed into
into Cost
Cost of
of Goods
Goods Sold.
Sold.
56
CHAPTER 9
THE
THE END
END
57