Volumes & Surfaces Areas

Shape Volume Surface Area

3
Sphere V=4πr / 3

Rectangular SA = 2(lw) + (2l + 2w)h

Prism
Cylinder
Shape Volume Surface Area

Pyramid SA = B + n(1/2sl)

Cube SA = 2(s 2) +
(4s)s = 6s 2

Cone
Shape Area

Any Regular
Polygon
Prism V = Bh

Trapezoid h/2 (b1 + b2)

• Surface Area of Any Prism
• (b is the shape of the ends)
• Surface Area = Lateral area + Area of two
ends
• (Lateral area) = (perimeter of shape b) * L
• Surface Area = (perimeter of shape b) *
L+ 2*(Area of shape b)
 RHS Congruence
• RHS-Right Angle Hypotenuse Side!
‡ When the right angle and the
hypotenuse and the given side are
equal for a right angle triangle
then we say that the given 2
triangles are congruent.
•
 Example proving RHS congruence
A D

C F
B E

• <B=<E=90 degrees
• AC=DF (hypotenuse)
• BC=EF (given side)
•
 Example proving AAA congruence
A P

In this figure QA and

PB are perpendiculars
to AB. If AO is equal to
O 10cm, BO equal to 6cm, &
PB equal to 9cm, Find
AQ.

Let us consider the

10 AQ triangles OAQ and OBP
Q 6 = 9 congruent.
90=6AQ B <A=<B A
AQ=15 <AOQ=<BOP (vertically
opposite angles) A
<P=<Q (corresponding) A
In a parallelogram if one angle A is equal to
110 degrees find the remaining angles?

• All sides of a parallelogram have to equal

360 degrees. So if Angle A is 110 degrees
then
•360=110 + B + C + D

•-110=- 110

•250= B + C + D

•D also =s 110

•360-220= 140

•So B & C = 70.

•
If the diagonals of a parallelogram are
equal, then show it is a rectangle?
• Theorem 11 . 1 If ABCD is a parallelogram
then its nonconsecutive sides and its
nonconsecutive angles are equal .
• Proof We need to prove that AB = CD , BC =
AD .
 SAS
Side/Angle/Side
• SAS- If 2 sides and the included angle
are congruent to 2 sides and the
included angle of a 2nd triangle, the 2
triangles are congruent. And included
angle is an angle created by 2 sides of
a triangle.
 SSS
Side/Side/Side
• It is a rule that is used in geometry to
prove triangles congruent. The rule
states that if 3 sides on 1 triangle are
congruent to 3 sides of a 2nd triangle,
the 2 triangles are congruent.
 AAA
Angle/Angle/Angle
• If in 2 triangles, corresponding angles
are equal, then their corresponding
sides are in the same ratio and hence
the 2 triangles
a are similar.
d <a=<d
<b=<e
<c=<f

b c e f
 ASA
Angle/Side/Angle
• ASA is a rule used in geometry to prove
triangles are congruent. The rule
states that if 2 angles and the
included side of one triangle are
congruent to 2 angles and the included
side of another triangle, the triangles
are congruent.
 AAS
Angle/Angle/Side
• AAS is used in geometry to prove
triangles are congruent. The rules
state that if 2 angles and a non-
included side of 1 triangle are
congruent to 2 angles and the
corresponding non-included side of
another triangle the 2 triangles are
congruent.
 CPCTC
Corresponding Parts of Congruent
Triangle Are Congruent/Equal
• When 2 triangles are congruent, all 6
pairs of corresponding parts {angles &
sides} are congruent. This statement
is usually simplified as corresponding
parts of congruent triangles are
If

congruent.
then the following conditions are true:
 Equivalence
relations
• Reflexivity: a ~ a
*Every triangle is congruent to itself
•

• Symmetry: if a ~ b then b ~ a
•

• Transitive: if a ~ b and b ~ c then a ~ c.

 <1, <5
<2,<6 Corresponding
2 1 <3,<7 angles
3 4 <4,<8

6 5
7 8 Alternate
<3, <5 Interior
<4, <6 Angles

<1, <7 Alternate

<2, <8 Exterior
Angles

In geometry, adjacent angles

are angles that have a common
Ex. Of
ray coming out of the vertex
adjacent
going between two other rays.
Angles
 Supplementary Angles
• A pair of angles are supplementary if
their respective measures sum to
180°.
• If the two supplementary angles are
adjacent (i.e. have a common vertex
and share a side, but do not have any
interior points in common) their non-
shared sides form a line.
 Complementary Angles
• A pair of angles are complementary if
the sum of their angles is 90°.
• If the two complementary angles are
adjacent (i.e. have a common vertex
and share a side, but do not have any
interior points in common) their non-
shared sides form a right angle.
•

• Area of Circle= πr²

Arc length= circumference-2πr

* Area/360
Arc length=Circumference
(
multiplied by πr² divided by 2πr
Area of a sector= A= mAB/360
* πr²
What π =
SHAPE AREA PERIMETER
Square s 2 4s

Rectangle lw 2l + 2w

Triangle bh/2 Add all the

sides
Trapezoid (a+b)h/2 Add all the
sides
Parallelogram bh 2(a+b)

Circle πr2 -no perimeter-

 l- length
b- base
h- height
W- width
a- just a side
s- side