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Using Minitab
AGENDA
DOE Design
DOE
DOE Analysis
Response
Surface Design
EXPERIMENTS PITFALLS
Solution:
Solution:
Randomization
Solution:
Plackett-Burman DOE
L16 & L18 DOEs
Characterization
Designs (3-5 Factors)
Optimization
Designs (<3 Factors)
SCREENING DESIGNS
PLACKETT-BURMAN EXAMPLE (2 LEVEL DOE)
STAT > DOE > FACTORIAL > CREATE FACTORIAL
DESIGN
CHECK PLACKETT-BURMAN DESIGN
WILL REVIEW DURING TRAINING
3. Choose the
final design
DESIGN MATRIX
CHARACTERIZATION
DESIGNS
FULL FACTORIAL DOE
STAT > DOE > FACTORIAL > CREATE FACTORIAL
DESIGN
CHECK GENERAL FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN
REVIEW ON OWN
DOE EXAMPLE
Problem: Current Car gas mileage is 30 mpg.
Would like to get 40 mpg.
We might try:
Change
brand of gas
Change octane rating
Drive Slower
Tune-up Car
Wash and wax car
Buy new tires
Change Tire Pressure
What if it works?
What if it doesnt?
WHAT
DESIGN
SHOULD
YOU
CHOOSE?
WHAT
DESIGN
SHOULD
YOU
CHOOSE?
DESIGN MATRIX
DESIGN MATRIX
OPTIMIZATION DESIGNS
BOX BEHNKEN & CENTRAL COMPOSITE
DESIGNS
STAT > DOE > RESPONSE SURFACE > CREATE
RESPONSE SURFACE DESIGN
CHECK BOX BEHNKEN OR CENTRAL COMPOSITE
WHAT
DESIGN
SHOULD
YOU
CHOOSE?
DESIGN MATRIX
4. Define the Factors and
their levels
Axial Points
are the Actual
Max & Min
Points of the
Design.
ANALYZING DATA
FULL & FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DOE
STAT > DOE > FACTORIAL > DEFINE CUSTOM
FACTORIAL DESIGN
ANALYZE FACTORIAL DESIGN
REVIEW ON OWN
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 7:
Step 8:
Step 9:
Check Residuals
Make 3-D plots
Do the Results Make Sense?
Confirm Results or begin next Experiment
Open worksheet
Carpet.mtw
Step 1) Identify
Inputs & Outputs
Inputs: Carpet
Composition
Output: Durability
Step 1b) Composition can be
coded from text to numeric since
it has only 2-levels.
Carpet Type can NOT be coded
since its non-numeric & 4levels.
Open worksheet
Reheat.mtw
Step 1) Identify
Inputs & Outputs
Inputs: Operator
Temp
Time
Output: Durability
Step 1b) Operator can be
coded from text to numeric
since it has only 2-levels.
Operator
A
B
7.5
Quality
5.0
2.5
40
35
0.0
30
350
400
Temp
450
Time
25
Select
Inputs
Click OK
Select
Terms &
Click OK
Select
Output
ANALYSIS
Step 3) continued
P-Values!
Step 3) continued
One at a time
remove highest
P-value >0.10
until all <0.10
Now we can reduce the model more by removing the 2 input terms
that are significantly above our alpha value of 0.10
Press
<Ctrl> e
TERM
ELIMINATION
Step 3) continued
Click
Terms
Double Click
on Terms to
Eliminate
Step 3) continued
One at a time
remove any
two input
terms with
p>0.10
Continue reducing the model by removing the 2 item terms that are
significantly above our alpha value of 0.10
Step 3) continued
Continue reducing the model by removing the main effect terms that
are significantly above our alpha value of 0.10
Step 3) continued
Evaluate any term with an alpha value of >0.05. These are marginally
significant terms. Only leave in if 1) that are contained in a significant
2 input term OR 2) they make sense per theory/prior testing.
Step 3) completed
Step 3) completed
If more
than ~4%
apart
eliminate
term with
highest pvalue
Equation
can
predict to
within +/- 2
Stdevs
Press
<Ctrl> e
Click
Graphs
Looking for
Random Pattern
Versus Fits
99
4
2
Residual
Percent
90
50
0
-2
10
1
Check Residuals
-4
-4
-2
0
Residual
-5
0
Fitted Value
Histogram
Versus Order
4
10.0
Residual
Frequency
2
7.5
5.0
-2
2.5
0.0
-4
-3.2
-1.6
0.0
Residual
1.6
3.2
10
15
20
25
30
Observation Order
35
40
45
Select
Check Surface Plot
& Click Setup
5
Quality
0
39
36
33
-5
350
30
400
Temp
Time
27
450
24
EVALUATE THE
RESULTS
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS:
Numbers results matched up with original plotted data.
Operator didnt matter to the results.
Lower oven temps & longer times result in the highest,
most robust quality levels.
Are the results what you would have expected?
Are some statistically significant items not PRACTICALLY
significant?
Looking at the 3-D plot, do the changes in Temp & Time
have a big enough effect on Quality to be useful?
CONFIRM RESULTS!
Step 9) Confirm Results or begin Next Experiment
CONFIRM RESULTS!
Step 9) Confirm Results
* Determine Optimal Settings
Select
Output
Variable
Enter
Specifications
Temp
475.0
[350.0]
350.0
Quality
Maximum
y = 6.8832
d = 0.00000
Click & Drag Red lines to see changes in Output & Relationships
Run confirmation at 350o for 38 minutes for maximum Quality.
SUMMARY
The goal of DOE design is to get the most
P-values:
R-Square:
+/- 2 * S:
Residuals: