1

Seminar III
on
Analysis of Machine Foundation For
Textile Loom Machine
By
Pravin Lokare
Guided By
Prof. M. V .Waghmare
Department of Civil Engineering,
AISSMS, College Of Engineering, Pune

Introduction

Indian textile leading Industry in the world

Textile Machine large reciprocating parts which induces vibrations
Cause on performance and safety
Structural Engg. Focus Vibrations
Design machine foundation for stable operation of textile looms
machine.
Machine Foundation Transmit dynamic loads to soil in addition to
static loads due to weight of foundation, machine and accessories.
Main Parameter Frequency and Amplitude of vibrations.
Dynamic Load small compared to static load and applied
repetitively over a very long period.
Basic Goal - limit its motion to amplitudes and avoid resonance
condition.

Literature Survey

o ACI 351.3R-04 :
Various design criteria, methods, procedures of analysis,
design, and construction by industry practitioners.
o Bhatia K.G. :
Need for a better interaction between foundation designer
and machine manufacturer.
Influences of dynamic characteristics of foundation
elements.
Effects of earthquakes on machines as well as on their
foundations.
o Barkan D. D.:
Behaviour of reciprocating machines and the type of load it
imparts to the foundation.

 general procedure for carrying out a dynamic analysis of 4a

machine foundation.
o Bureau of Indian Standards, IS:2974 (Part I) 1982:
covers the design and construction of foundations for
machines of the reciprocating type.
Block type foundation
guidelines that are necessary for the design and analysis of
foundations for reciprocating machines.
o Dhameliya H. K.:
Foundation system was simulated in SAP 2000 software and
dynamic response of foundation was analysed.

o George Gazetas:
Dynamic response of foundations subjected to machine type
loadings.
Concepts associated with the definition, physical
interpretation and use of the dynamic impedance functions
of foundations are presented and the available analytical
methods for their evaluation are discussed.
Results are presented in the form of simple formulae and
dimensionless graphs for both the static and dynamic parts.
o Shamsher Prakash & Vijay K. Puri :
Methods of analysis for determining the response of
foundations subjected to vibratory loads.
Linear elastic spring method, Elastic half-space analogs
method & the impedance function method.
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o P. Srinivasulu and C.V. Vaidyanathan :
various aspects of analysis, design and construction of
machine foundations of different types.
section of case histories also has been included.
fill the lacunae by serving as a reference manual for designers
o Snowden D. C.:
working of Plain Power Loom.
Primary motion, Secondary motion and Ancillary (Auxiliary)
motion.
Primary motion- take up, shedding, picking and weft insertion.
Secondary motion- beating-up motion, warp-let off, etc.
Ancillary motion- warp-stop mechanism and weft stop
mechanism which prevents the breakage of the material.

Methodology
o Manual analysis of the foundation :
Static Analysis : Raft Foundation (Conventional Rigid
Method) IS2950-1:1981
Dynamic Analysis : Barkans Method
IS2974 Part 1:1982

o Software analysis by using SAP 2000

Static Analysis : Modelling of Raft Foundation
Dynamic Analysis : Modelling of the Block Foundation

Static Analysis
Conventional Rigid Method :
1. Q Q1 Q 2 Q3 Q 4
2. Q M y x M x y
A

Iy

Mx Q ey

Ix

M y Q ex

3. Divide the mat into several strips in x and y directions.

4. Draw the shear and the moment diagrams.
5. Check the depth, Vu
v c 0.25 f ck
v

bod

6. Determine the areas of steel.

Fig. Layout of Foundation

A=B=C=D= 2500 N
For strip AB & DC, Maxi. S.F. = 1750 N
Maxi. B.M. = 809.69 Nm
For strip AD & BC, Maxi. S.F. = 1290 N
Maxi. B.M. = 196.05 Nm

Dynamic Force Analysis

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Dynamic force generated at point A, FA m r 2

Dynamic force generated at point B,FB m r 2 m r 2 r
l
Forces at C.G. of base frame i.e at point Q :
FQz FA FBcos

FQy FA sin

M Qx Fcz y Fcy z

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Forces acting on base frame of loom machine :

At 0o
At 90o FQy 73.42 N@sin t
FQx1 1935.42 N@cos t

FQx1 1862 N@cos t

FQx2 372.4 N@cos2 t

FQx2 372.4 N@cos t

M Qz1 1296.73 Nm@cos t

M Qz2 249.51 Nm@cos2 t

M Qz1 1269.93 Nm@cos t

M Qz2 249.51 Nm@cos2 t

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Dynamic Analysis
Soil Stiffness
k x k z C A
k y Cu A

Limiting Natural Frequency

kx
nx
m

k C I xx

k
n
M mox

k C I yy

ny
n

ky
m
k
M moy

kz
nz
m
n

k
M moz

k C I zz

Natural Frequency corresponding to X-Y Plane :

1
2
n1,2
(2nx 2n ) (2nx 2n ) 2 4 z 2nx 2n
2 z
Natural Frequency corresponding to Y-Z Plane :
1
2
n1,2
(2nz 2n ) (2nz 2n ) 2 4 x 2nz2n
2 x

Amplitude calculation for Force2 :

Linear Displacement:

(1 )
Fx
Ax
k x (1 12 )(1 22 )
Fy

1
Ay
k y (1 2y )
2
Fx mh
Rotational Displacement: A
k x M moz (1 12 )(1 22 )

Amplitude calculation for Moment :

Linear Displacement:

Mz
2x
Ax h
k (1 12 )(1 22 )

Mz
(1 - 2x )
Rotational Displacement: A
k (1 12 )(1 22 )

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Results
Natural Frequencies for Six Modes of Vibration :

Amplitudes of Vibration :

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Amplitudes Limits
of Foundation
Block
Line ADD' Limit to Avoid
Damage to Buildings
Line ACC' Limit to Avoid
Serious Discomfort to
Persons
Line ABB' Limit to Ensure
Reasonable Comfort to
Persons
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Software Analysis
Static Analysis :

For Strip AB

For Strip AD

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 Dynamic Analysis :

SAP model of Block

Foundation

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Comparison of Results
Comparison of Shear Force and Bending Moment :

Comparison of Modes of Vibration and their Natural

Frequencies :

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Conclusion

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The present work highlights detail static and dynamic

analysis of foundation which is provided particular for
textile loom machine
From literature it is clear that, the beat up mechanism is
similar with slider crank mechanism and it can be used for
dynamic force analysis.
The obtained natural frequency for six modes of vibration
has much difference with operating frequency.
The calculated amplitudes are within the permissible limits
of foundation block.
Since, both the results are nearly equal, the software SAP
2000 VS. 16 can be validated for the analysis and design of
machine foundation for presented work.

References

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[1] ACI 351.3R-04, Foundations for Dynamic Equipment,

American Concrete Institute, 2004.
[2] Bhatia K. G., Foundations for Industrial Machines and
Earthquake Effects, ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology,
Paper No. 495, Vol. 45, No. 1-2, 2008, pp. 1329
[3] Barkan D. D., Dynamics of Bases and Foundations, New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1962.
[4] Bureau of Indian Standards, IS: 2974 (Part I)-1982Indian
Standard Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Machine
Foundations, Part I: Foundation for Reciprocating Type Machines
(Second Revision).
[5] Dhameliya H. K., Tank Y. R., Tank A. R., Dynamic Analysis
of Single Cylinder Compressor Block Foundation using SAP: 2000
V16, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology
(IJETT), 2016, Vol.33, No.7, pp.323-327.

[6] George Gazetas, Analysis of machine foundation

vibrations: State of the art, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake
Engineering, 1983, Vol. 2, No. 1
[7] Vijay K. Puri and S. Prakash and, Foundations for
Vibrating Machines, Journal of Structural Engineering,
SERC, Madras, India, 2006.
[8] Nurudeen A. Raji, Impact Analysis of Narrow Loom
Beat-up Mechanism, Research Journal of Applied Science,
Engineering and Technology, 2011, pp. 923- 927.
[9] P. Srinivasulu, and C.V. Vaidyanathan, Handbook of
Machine Foundations, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1976.
[10] Snowden D. C., Power-Loom Weaving of Woollen and
Worsted Fabrics, C. Nicholls and Company Ltd, Britain,
1967, pp. 41-61.
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Thank You

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