Green Afternoon

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND

OPPURTUNITIES FOR CIVIL
ENGINEERING TOWARDS
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
By

Er. R. Ilangovan M.E.,

Superintending Engineer, PWD,WRD
PAB Circle,
Pollachi-642003
Mobile: 91-94433 30394
e-mail: ilangeethan@yahoo.com

CONTENTS
Introduction
Development
Sustainable Development
Environment Functions
Environmental Issues
Environmental Monitoring and Management.
Opportunities For Civil Engineering

INTRODUCTION

Icon for Development

Icon for Development

Icon for Development

Icon for Development

2010

Icon for Development

WATER

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

> 2/3rds of the earth is water

> 97% of earths water is salt water
> 2% of fresh water is locked in glaciers and polar ice
caps
< 1% is available as surface water and ground water

Per Capita Storage

(Cubic Meter)
Russia

6103

Australia

4333

Brazil

3145

China

1111

India

262

RIVER BASINS IN TAMIL NADU

IRS, IWS, Taramani, Chennai 600 113

PALAR

CAUVERY

PENNAIYAR

TAMBARAPARANI

12

Water Resources Development

Type of
Water
Surface
Water
Ground
Water

Utilised
Nationa
TN State
l Level
40 %
96 %
38 %

78 %

Role of Average
Rain fall of a place

India's average rain fall -1140 mm

Highest rain fall station 11100mm
Tamilnadu rain fall
- 925 mm
Coimbatore rain fall
- 700 mm
Bhavani river rain fall - 700 mm to
4000mm
Chennai rain fall
- 1400 mm
Raleigansidhi rain fall - 400 mm

STAKE HOLDERS
Farmers
Industrialists
Local bodies
E.B
Industry

Public
Flora and Fauna

MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS

Lower Bhavani Sagar Dam

Domestic Use

Agriculture Use

Domestic Use

Tourism and Entertainment

Resources for Construction

R.R. stones, Cement, Steel, Sand, Bricks,
Flooring tiles, Roofing tiles, Crushing stones
Wood, painting materials
Water, Human resources
Capital, Users
Furniture
Water supply & Electricals

Branches
RCC Frame, Masonyr,Tower Buildings
Buildings
Steel Frame Works, Prestress, space structures
Railways, Airports
Transportation
Roads &Bridges NH, Four Lane
Irrigation & Hydrology Reservoir, Dams, Lakes, Tanks
Water Supply & - WSS / ETP / STP / Eco system
Sanitary Schemes
Environmental Management
Teaching Line- Hydrology, water resources, Structures,
Environmental Engineering

Buildings / Roads & Bridges

Private - Government
Residential Commercial
Corporate sector- I T towers

Materials - Artificial sand, aggregates, Fly ash

bricks, Centering shuttering, earth work
machineries, Concrete equipments, Flooring
Slabs, Roofing materials, Painting materials,
Furnishing materials,

Buildings Roads and Bridges

Technology In situ works, precast

works, RMC technology, Pre
stressing works, Green buildings,

Foundation works- Pile foundation,

Civil still valued as No.1 Branch

Civil always stand as a symbol of
development
Public / Private Opportunities
Local to international level job assured.
Residential, Public, Private, Commercial
etc.,
Marine Structures.

Present Constraints
Scarce of Raw materials
eg. Sand, aggregates, Labour etc.,
Change from Rural based system to urban
western based system
Efficient labours are not available
Fast in Construction time.

Impacts & Needs

Natural resources depleted fast
Natural resources polluted due to
improper management
One side Earthquake, Tsunami disasters
Need of Disaster resistance buildings
Green Building Promotion

How Environment support

water resources?

WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT

Environment includes water, air, land and inter

connection (or) inter relationship which exists
among and between water, air,

land and

human beings other living creatures plants,

micro-organisms and property.

So environment has also been considered the

total sum of all the factors that affect on
organism.

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPNENTS
BIOTIC COMPONENTS

FLORA AND
FAUNA

A BIOTIC
COMPONENETS
TEMPERATURE
CLIMATE
RAIN FALL
LAND PROFILE

EVER GREEN FOREST

HEALTHY FOREST -- WILD ANIMALS

HEALTHY FOREST -- WILD ANIMALS

Forest & Water

Macro phyte-Family concept

MAN -ANIMAL CONFLICT

Flora & Fauna

HEALTHY FOREST .GENERATE MORE

WATER RESOURCES

HEALTHY FOREST .GENERATE MORE

WATER RESOURCES

Freshwater Indicator

PRESENT SITUATION IN
WATER RESOURCES SECTOR
Global warming
Cyclone & flooding
Drought & desertification

More depletion
Wasting of water
Over extraction

Env Degradation
Source pollution

Increase of
Air pollution

Rise in Sea
water level

TSUMANI

Flood

One side serious Flooding

Other side severe Drought

Environmental
Degradation

Main Degradation
1.Land pollution
Deforestation
Extinction of species
Destruction of Bio Diversity
Fertile land pollution
2.Water pollution
River Pollution
Lake pollution
3.Air pollution
Global warming
CFC, methane gas release
CO, CO2 release

Main Degradation

Man and
Animal
Conflicts

Elephant
Died Due to
Natural
Calamities
in Nilgiris
District

Threat to Wild Life

Drought

Drought

Drought

Effect of Global
warming

Wasting water

Industrial waste water

Domestic waste water

GW PollutionZero Discharge

bjhHpw;rhiyfspd; fHpt[fs;

jz;;zPh; ,y;yhj ePh;j;njf;fk;

Water Desert

River Pollution

River Pollution

Bhopal Gas tragedy

Bhopal pictures

Waste water/ Solid wastes/

Gaseous waste Sources
Domestic
House hold ,Hotel, Hostel ,Education Institution

Industrial Sector
Tannery-Dyeing-Paper-Sago-DistillaryPetrochemicals-Bio medical wastes

Agriculture sector
Pesticide-weedicide-fungicide-Nameticide-

Tourism
Mountain-forest area-water theme park-lakesfalls-reservoirs

Ornamental Culture

Ornamental
Culture

Ornamental
Culture

Waste water Characteristics

Ph, BOD, COD
E.C,TSS,
TDS, Carbonate, sulphate
Chloride, Chromiam
Phosphorous
Nitrogen
Bacteria, Ecoli

Solid Wastes Characteristics

P h,
E.C,
Heavy metals,
Mercury,Iron, lead
Chloride and Chromiam
Phosphorous
Nitrogen
Bacteria, Ecoli

Gaseous Wastes Characteristics

Particulate matter, dust, fume,
mist, gas,smoke
CO
CO2- 350mg- 500-600mg
O2,
Methane ,Ammonia
CFC
Other chemical based gaseous

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
ON WATER RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT

Need for our survival..

Water
Food
Shelter
Income

Reasonable..
?

Protected
water
Safe food
Safe Shelter
Income

More in
Short
time..?

So we compromise in Quality of life

Recent Global & Local Environmental Threats

Utherkhand Disaster

Thane Cyclone
Mullaiperiyar dam
Koodankulam atmoic power station
Forest fire in Russia, Indonesia
Cloud bursting and flood in Kashmir
Flood in PAK & CHINA
Volcano in EUROPE
Earth quake in CHINA
Heavy flood in various states
Collision of Ships at Mumbai
Verdict on BHOPAL Gas tragedy case
127 waste containers in Chennai port
180 goats died at Annur
Flood disaster in Nilgris
Orathupalayam dam
Closure of sterlite factory
PM appointment has not given to open Park
Heavy flood in Australia, Brazil

MOST POLLUTED RIVERS

Ganges river
Yamunai river
Kosi river
Cauvery river

MOST POLLUTED RIVERS

COOUM
PALAR
NOYYAL,
BHAVANI
AMARAVATHY
VAIGAI
CHENNAI

WATER RESOURCES POLLUTION

Domestic
wastes

Industrial
wastes
Industrial Drainage

Domestic Drainage

L A K E

Water Bodies
Agriculture
wastes

Agricultural run off

Scarcity of
water

fig.

CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION

Deforestation
Tourism and resorts
Industrial development
Inadequate technology
Urbanization
Agriculture run off
Cultural change
Natural CalamitiesEarth Quake & cyclone

REACTIVE
APPROACH

SAND MINING &

RIVER
BED LEVEL

Jobs
Government
Central Government

CPWD
CWC
NWA

NBCC
NPCC

State Government

PWD, Highways
TWAD, EB, TNHB
TNPCB,TNPHC

Private
Disadvantages
No Secured Job
High Risk
No Retirement
Pension

Advantages
Talents valued
Hard work put you
top
High Salary
Skill Development

Jobs
PRIVATE
Small Contractors - Local
Big Contractors

- National

Multinational Companies - MNC

Government
Disadvantages
Reduce
Dynamism

Advantages
Confirmed Job
Pension

All are equal

Good service

No independent
Happy life
Decision

Increasing
water scarcity

Why
waste water
treatment plant?

SEP-21-2009
180 GOATS DIED DUE
TO DRINKING OF
INDUSTRIAL
POISONOUS WASTE
WATER

Management of water
Resources

Present Approaches

A way Forward..
1. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

2. TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS

How Sustainable Approach

help Civil Engineers for
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT?

ENVIRONMENTAL
ACTS

1. Water act 1973

2.

The
Environment
Act.1986.

(Protection)

3. The Recycled plastics Manufacture

and usage Rules, 1999

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986

The Hazardous Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules, 1989.
The Manufacture, Storage and Import of
Hazardous Chemical Rules,1989.
The Manufacture, Use, Import, export and
storage of Hazardous Micro organisms /
Genetically Engineered Organisms or cells
Rules, 1989.
Coastal Regulation zone Notification, 1991

6.

The Environment Impact Assessment

Notification, 1994.
7. The Rules for Emergency Planning.
Preparedness and Response for Chemical
Accidents, 1996.
8. The Bio-Medical Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 1998
9. The Noise Pollution (Regulation and control)
Rules, 2000
10. Use of fly Ash from Thermal power plants

1. The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991

2. The Public Liability Insurance, Rules,
1991

1.The
National
Tribunal Act, 1995.

Environment

A way Forward..
TECHNOLOGICAL
SOLUTIONS..
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Watershed Management
Catchment Management
Lake Management
Resources Management
Water use Efficiency
Green Building

Challenges

Removal of encroachments
Solid waste management
Sustainability of physical structures
Maintaining the quality of water
Creating public awareness and
responsibility
Future maintenance and upkeep

SUCCESS PROGRAMME
Water shed management
Lakes / Canal treatment
Waste water treatment
(Domestic, Slaughter house, Various
Industrial)

Solid wastes management

Agriculture sector
Ocean pollution management

Water shed Programme

1. The National Environment Appellate

Authority
Act, 1997.

2. The National Environment Appellate

Authority
(Appeal) Rules, 1997.

WATERSHED Development
Watershed
Characteristics.
Hydrology of
watershed.
Watershed (ha)
50,0002,00,000
10,000-50,000
1,000-10,000
100-1,000
10-100

Classification
Watershed
Sub-watershed
Milli- watershed
Micro-watershed
Mini-watershed

In addition to the above types of

structure the complete village is following
the
five
principles
which
included
Environmental and Social protection
1.

Ban on alcoho

2.

Sterilisation

3.

Ban on grazing

4.

Ban on tree felling

5.

Donation of voluntary labour for community

welfare

Lake Management

General Functions of the Tanks

Reflects culture and heritage

Fulfills drinking water needs
Useful to increase Ground water recharging
Scope for development of biodiversity
Income generation activities
Useful for Relaxation and tourism attraction for the
public
To meet irrigation needs
Controls climate change
Aquaculture development
Act as a Birds Sanctuary
Improvement in environment and health
Acts as flood control systems

MANAGIRI SUPPLY
CHANNEL
PARASURAMANPATTY
SUPPLY
CHANNEL

SURPLUS CHANNEL

MARUTHANKULAM SUPPLY
CHANNEL

VANDIYUR SUPPLY
CHANNELS

Dumping of solid wastes

Debriss dumping

Debriss dumping

DOMESTIC WASTE WATER &

LAKE RESTORATION

General Functions of the Tanks

Reflects culture and heritage

Fulfills drinking water needs
Useful to increase Ground water recharging
Scope for development of biodiversity
Income generation activities
Useful for Relaxation and tourism attraction for the
public
To meet irrigation needs
Controls climate change
Aquaculture development
Act as a Birds Sanctuary
Improvement in environment and health
Acts as flood control systems

Causes of Waterbodies Pollution

Due to Encroachments.
Change of land use pattern
Discharge and dumping of municipal wastes.
Dumping of Solid wastes, Debris, Commercial wastes
Due to discharge and dumping of industrial wastes.
Due to transportation of sediments.
Catchments degradation
Flooding and drought
Due to wrong land management
Due to agriculture runoff
Due to poor maintenance
Due to Consultant hiring concept
Poor master plan on land use pattern
Lack of awareness on water bodies.
Crazy ornamental consumerism

LAKE RESTORATION
DESILTING ACTIVITIES

Mookanery lake- salem

ENGINEERING MEASURES

BIO-ENGINEERING MEASURES

BIO-ENGINEERING MEASURES

Formation of Islands and planted Tress

with full growth after 10 months
BIO-ENGINEERING MEASURES

Formation of Islands and planted Tress

with full growth after 10 months
BIO-ENGINEERING MEASURES

Formation of Islands and planted Tress

with full growth after 12 months
BIO-ENGINEERING MEASURES

Formation of Islands and planted Tress

with full growth after 1 year
BIO-ENGINEERING MEASURES

PRESENT STATUS OF LAKE

5300-Trees saved by PWD-WRD

TE
A

OR
K

Slow Food - Native Food

Slow Food - Native Food

RESTORATION OF LAKE
USING BIOREMEDIATION

Steps in Bio Remediation System

Encroachment management
Debris management
Solid wastes management
Decentralized WWTP using BIO-OZOLYTE
System
Online treatment-water course treatment
Aeration system
Nualgi system

REVIVAL OF KATCHARALI LAKE

AT THANE USING MoEF FUND

PRESENT STATUS OF LAKE

Revival of Hussain Sagar lake

with JICA fund

AQUACULTURE

Arial view of
lake

Oxygen
monitoring
system

Fine bubble
Aeration system

Fine bubble
Aeration system

NULAGI-TECHNOLOGY
Natural process
Feed to Develop Algae
Available as Powder
Tested in Indian condition
Substitutes Electrical Aeration

NUALGI SYSTEM IN
MADIWALA LAKE IN
BANGALURU

NUALGI SYSTEM IN
MADIWALA LAKE IN
BANGALURU

C TECH - SYSTEM IN
LALBAGH LAKE IN
BANGALURU

C TECH - SYSTEM IN
LALBAGH LAKE IN
BANGALURU

DISCUSSION WITH
LDA ENGINEERS
IN BANGALURU

Reservoir and System

Management

Lining of The Marvelous PAP system

Lining of The Marvelous PAP system

Tree saved near Canal due to ATR Rules

Pollution

Pollution

Pollution

Pollution

Pollution and water use

Plantation along the banks of RIVER after Three

Reuse and Recycle of Waste water

WASTE WATER AND ITS IMPACTS

Pollutes surface water
Pollutes Ground water
Reduces food production
Induces many kinds of diseases
Destroys the Eco system

WATER RESOURCES POLLUTION

Domestic
wastes

Industrial
wastes
Industrial Drainage

Domestic Drainage

L A K E

Water Bodies
Agriculture
wastes

Agricultural run off

Scarcity of
water

fig.

REMEDIAL MEASURES
Recycling of waste water treatment
plant
Chemical free farming
Rain water harvesting structures
Desilting of lakes

BYE-PASS ARRANGEMENTS
Rainy Season
Diversion Wall

Supply Channel

L A K E
STP
By pass arrangements

During Non Rainy Season

PRESENT ISSUES IN
DOMESTIC WASTE WATER
TREATMENT SYTEM

WASTE WATER TREATMENT

TECHNOLOGY- OPTIONS

Oxidation ponds.-Need huge land

Aerated lagoons.---same--Activated Sludge Process.- Need more mechanical
equipments
Trickling filter.- .- Need more mechanical equipments
UASBR system.-Capital cost more and post treatment
not adequate
RBC/ RBR.-- Capital cost more
Bio Remediation System . (Powder, EM,EBB)
R.O system. Capital cost more
Chlorination. Capital cost more
Ion exchange. Capital cost more
Ozonization. Capital cost more
Root zone system. Simple and suitable for small qty

Extended Aerators

RBC/RBR Systems

UASBR SYSTEM

Root zone system

Effluent Treatment Plant conventional Method 100 M3

Left: 10 Sludge Dry bed Tanks
Right: Solar Evaporation Pond

Area required- 20 m x 120 m

BIO REMEDIATION SYSTEM

ECOSYSTEM COMPNENTS
BIOTIC COMPONENTS

FLORA AND
FAUNA

A BIOTIC
COMPONENETS
TEMPERATURE
CLIMATE
RAIN FALL
LAND PROFILE

What is Bioremediation?

Degradation of organic matter using

microorganisms (bacteria,fungai)

Nature's way of cleaning up

Steps in Bio Remediation System

Encroachment management
Debris management
Solid wastes management
Decentralized WWTP using BIO-OZOLYTE
System
Online treatment-water course treatment
Aeration system
Nualgi system

Present Treatment Method and Irrigation

Advantages of bioremediation

Bioremediation is a natural process

Many compounds that are legally
considered to be hazardous can be
transformed to harmless products.
Instead of transferring contaminants
from one environmental medium to
another, for example, from land to
water or air, the complete destruction
of target pollutants is possible.

SPREADING OF THE BIO PRODUCT ON THE

SURFACE OF THE WATER OF KATCHARALI LAKE.

USES OF BIOREMEDIATION
For Lake restoration
For waste water treatment plantSTP-ETP
For Solid waste Management
For ocean pollution management
For cleaning degraded soil
For improving polluted soil
For cleaning oil spillage
For removing scaling in pipes
For agriculture improvement

BIO-OZOLYTE TECHNOLOGY
Natural process
Biological process-Japan & India
Ozonization- Common Technology
Analyte Russian Technology

Multiplication effect of EBB Microbe >

Implementation Method >

EBB FOR WASTE TREATMENT

EBB TYPE

EBB USED IN RUNNING

WATER

NULAGI-TECHNOLOGY
Natural process
Feed to Develop Algae
Available as Powder
Tested in Indian condition
Substitutes Electrical Aeration

Slaughter House -Salem

Slaughter House -Salem

STP For Slaughter House -Coimbatore

FIXING OF EBB BLOCK

BIO-OZOLYTE TREATMENT SYSTEM

Aeration with Submersible

Floating Aerator

Ozone Treatment

Anolyte system

Back ground
RUSSIAN SPACE technology, which took 2-3
decades to develop, was successfully spun-off
for domestic and industrial use in many
countries by Envirolyte Industries International
Ltd - Europe.
This innovative technology has the potential to
revolutionize basic water treatment and the
technology is applicable to many industries and
as well as residential water treatment.

Concept and Technology

description
The Electro Chemical
Activation technology is
based on the ElectroChemical Activation of
raw
water in a specially
designed ENVIROLYTE
reactor system.

Anolyte
Anolyte is a strong oxidizing
non chemical solution with a
pH range of 3.5 8.5 and an
Oxidation-Reduction Potential
(ORP) of +600 to +1200mV.
What we have is a potent
cocktail of existing
technologies (H2O2; O3, Cl)
which is extremely effective,
not any harmful chemical used
hence totally safe!

Functions
Removal and elimination of microorganisms;
virus, bacteria, algae & fungi, and breaking
down humic acids, pesticides, PAHs,
Precipitation of salts, reduction of
COD/BOD, Flocculation of heavy metals and
many other harmful organic compounds,
without the dangerous by-products found
with many conventional chemical
treatments, such as the formation of THMs.

Man behind Anolyte system

Man behind Anolyte system

EBB-OCT

Salem
Corporation
EngineerPioneer

Slaughter house waste water

Raw-After EBB-Ozone-Anolyte

RESULTS
Sl Parameters Raw
n
water
o
1.

2.

3.

COD
mg/l
BOD5
mg/l
Coliform
Bacteria

After
EBB

352.1
7
110.0
0
10X10
3

MPN /
100 ml
4.

After
Anolyte

126.3 107.8 45.73

2
30
25
15
2X103 NIL
Cfu/ml

Cfu/ml

After
Ozone

7.00

BIO-OZOLYTE TECHNOLOGY
Natural process
Combination of the above
Require less land
Less power requirement
Less maintenance cost

Growth of plants

Increase of
yield

Increase of
yield

Compostable Waste
Organic / Wet / Natural
Transfer to Green
Basket

Recyclable Waste
Inorganic / Dry / Manmade
Transfer to Red Basket

Top of Home Papaya,

Drum Stick, Curry Leaves

Plants grown in
Gunny Bags

In Nutshell

River basin approach

Catchment to sea conflux ( forest area )

Rain water harvesting
Treatment of waste water (Domestic
&Industrial)
Desilting of old lakes
Promotion of organic farming
Waste reduction in Domestic sector

ROLE OF INSTITUITIONS
Environmental monitoring of River basins
Documentation of the status of River Basins
Conducting awareness programme
Identifying solutions to pollution
Implementation of Water Conservation Techniques
Net working with all sector
Capacity building
Scheme Development

Why Green Actions ?

Green Habits
Green Consumerism
Green Building
Green Thinking
Green Clubs
Green wishes
Green Manufacturing

Green Customs
Green Education

TE
A

OR

Resources are our strength

Manage it with cost effective

solution for sustainabilityusing
Environmental Management

WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT NOT ONLY

MAKE MAN HAPPY BUT FLORA AND
FAUNA TOO

Thanking you

Queries?