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Role of SEBI & Recent

Developments

SEBI
Securities Exchange Board of India
(SEBI) was set up in 1988 to regulate
the functions of securities market.
SEBI promotes orderly and healthy
development in the stock market but
initially SEBI was not able to exercise
complete control over the stock
market transactions.

Reasons for Establishment of SEBI


With the growth in the dealings of stock
markets, lot of malpractices also started in
stock markets such as, unofficial premium on
new issue, and delay in delivery of shares,
violation of rules and regulations of stock
exchange and listing requirements.
Due to these malpractices the customers
started losing confidence and faith in the stock
exchange. So government of India decided to
set up an agency or regulatory body known as
Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

Functions of SEBI
The SEBI performs functions to meet
its objectives. To meet three
objectives SEBI has three important
functions. These are:
i. Protective functions
ii. Developmental functions
iii. Regulatory functions.

1. Protective Functions
These functions are performed by SEBI to protect
the interest of investor and provide safety of
investment.
As protective functions SEBI performs
following functions:
(i)It Checks Price Rigging:
Price rigging refers to manipulating the prices of
securities with the main objective of inflating or
depressing the market price of securities. SEBI
prohibits such practice because this can defraud
and cheat the investors.

(ii)It Prohibits Insider trading:


Insider is any person connected with the company such as
directors, promoters etc. These insiders have sensitive
information which affects the prices of the securities.
This information is not available to people at large but the
insiders get this privileged information by working inside the
company and if they use this information to make profit, then
it is known as insider trading, e.g., the directors of a
company may know that company will issue Bonus shares to
its shareholders at the end of year and they purchase shares
from market to make profit with bonus issue. This is known
as insider trading.
SEBI keeps a strict check when insiders are buying securities
of the company and takes strict action on insider trading.

iii)SEBI
prohibits
fraudulent
and
Unfair Trade Practices:
SEBI does not allow the companies to make
misleading statements which are likely to
induce the sale or purchase of securities by
any other person.
(iv)SEBI undertakes steps to educate
investors so that they are able to evaluate
the securities of various companies and
select the most profitable securities.

(v)SEBI promotes fair practices and code of


conduct in security market by taking following
steps:
(a) SEBI has issued guidelines to protect the
interest of debenture-holders wherein
companies cannot change terms in midterm.
(b) SEBI is empowered to investigate cases of
insider trading and has provisions for stiff fine and
imprisonment.
(c) SEBI has stopped the practice of making
preferential allotment of shares unrelated to
market prices.

2. Developmental
Functions:
These functions are performed by the SEBI to promote and
develop activities in stock exchange and increase the
business in stock exchange. Under developmental
categories following functions are performed by SEBI:
(i) SEBI promotes training of intermediaries of the
securities market.
(ii) SEBI tries to promote activities of stock exchange by
adopting flexible and adoptable approach in following way:
(a) SEBI has permitted internet trading through registered
stock brokers.
(b) SEBI has made underwriting optional to reduce the
cost of issue.
(c) Even initial public offer of primary market is permitted
through stock exchange.

3. Regulatory Functions:
These functions are performed by SEBI to regulate the
business in stock exchange. To regulate the activities of
stock exchange following functions are performed:
(i) SEBI has framed rules and regulations and a
code of conduct to regulate the intermediaries
such as merchant bankers, brokers, underwriters, etc.
(ii) These intermediaries have been brought under the
regulatory purview and private placement has been
made more restrictive.
(iii) SEBI registers and regulates the working of
stock brokers, sub-brokers, share transfer agents,
trustees, merchant bankers and all those who are
associated with stock exchange in any manner.

(iii) SEBI registers and regulates the


working of stock brokers, sub-brokers,
share transfer agents, trustees, merchant
bankers and all those who are associated with
stock exchange in any manner.
(iv) SEBI registers and regulates the working of
mutual funds etc.
(v) SEBI regulates takeover of the
companies.
(vi) SEBI conducts inquiries and audit of
stock exchanges.

Role of SEBI in Indian Capital


MarkeT
SEBIis regulator to control Indiancapital market. Since its
establishment in 1992, it is doing hard work for protecting the
interests of Indianinvestors.
SEBI gets education from past cheating with naive investors of India.
Now, SEBI is more strictwith those who commit frauds in
capitalmarket.
The role of security exchange board of India (SEBI) in regulating
Indian capital market is very important because government of
India can only openor take decision to open newstock
exchange
in
Indiaafter
getting
advice
from
SEBI.
If SEBI thinks that itwill be against its rules and regulations, SEBI can
ban on any stock exchange to trade in shares and stocks.

1. Power to make rules for controlling stock exchange


SEBI has power to make new rules for controlling stock exchange in
India. For example, SEBI fixed the time oftrading9 AM and 5 PMin
stock market.
2. To provide license to dealers and brokers:
SEBI has power to provide license to dealers and brokers of capital
market. If SEBI sees that any financial product is of capital nature,
then SEBI can also control to that product and its dealers. One of
main example isULIPs case. SEBI said, It is just likefund sand all
banks and financial and insurance companies who want to issue it,
must take permission from SEBI."

3. To Stop fraud in Capital


Market:
SEBI has many powers for stopping
fraud in capital market.
It can ban on the trading of those
brokers who are involved in
fraudulent and unfair trade practices
relating to stock market.
It can impose the penalties on
capital market intermediaries if they

4. To Control the MergeR, Acquisition and Takeover the


companies:
Many big companies in India want to create monopoly in
capital market. So, these companies buy all other companies
or deal ofmerging. SEBI sees whether this merge or acquisition
is for development of business or to harm capital market.
5. To audit the performance of stock market :
SEBI uses his powers toauditthe performance of different
Indian stock exchange for bringing transparency in the working
of stock exchanges.

6. To make new rules on carry - forward


transactions:
Share trading transactions carry forward can not
exceed 25% of broker's total transactions.
90 day limit for carry forward.
7. To create relationship with ICAI:
ICAI isthe authority for making new auditors of
companies. SEBI creates good relationship with
ICAI for bringing more transparency in the
auditing work of company accounts because
audited financial statements are mirror to see the
real face of company and after this investors can
decide to invest or not to invest. Moreover,
investors of India can easily trust on audited

8. Introduction of derivative contracts on Volatility


Index :
For reducing the risk of investors, SEBI has now been
decided to permit Stock Exchanges to introduce
derivative contracts on Volatility Index, subject to the
condition that;
a. The underlying Volatility Index has a track record of at
least one year.
b. The Exchange has in place the appropriate risk
management framework for such derivative contracts.
2. Before introduction of such contracts, the Stock
Exchanges shall submit the following:
i. Contract specifications

iii. Margins
iv. The economic purpose it is intended to serve
v. Likely contribution to market development
vi. The safeguards and the risk protection mechanism adopted
by the exchange to ensure market integrity, protection of
investors and smooth and orderly trading.
vii. The infrastructure of the exchange and the surveillance
system to effectively monitor trading in such contracts, and
viii. Details of settlement procedures & systems
ix. Details of back testing of the margin calculation for a
period of one year considering a call and a put option on the
underlying with a delta of 0.25 & -0.25 respectively and actual
value of the underlying.

9. To Require report of Portfolio Management


Activities:
SEBI has also power torequire report of portfolio
management to check the capital market
performance. Recently, SEBI sent the letter to
allRegistered Portfolio Managers of India for
demandingreport.
10. To educate the investors:
Time to time, SEBI arranges scheduled workshops to
educate the investors.

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