MANIPULATING DATA

02-Sep-09

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Manipulating Character
Data
String

manipulation

is

the

process

of

manipulating the values to the required format, using

various manipulating commands like:

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Concatenate

Split

Shift

Condense

Translate

Convert Text

Overlay

Replace

Search

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Concatenate
Combines two or more separate strings into one.

CONCATENATE <c1> ... <cn> INTO <c>

[SEPARATED BY <s>].
Examples
DATA: file_path(5) VALUE /tmp/,

name(8)

VALUE MATERIAL,

ext(4)

file_name(50).

VALUE .txt,

CONCATENATE file_path name _

sy-uzeit ext
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sy-datum _

INTO file_name.

file_name has value

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Split
Split a character string into two or more smaller
strings.

SPLIT <c> AT <del> INTO <c1> ... <cn>.

Example
DATA: file_name(30) TYPE C VALUE
tmp/MATERIAL.txt,
directory(10)TYPE C,
name(12)

TYPE C,

separator(1)

VALUE /.

SPLIT file_names AT delimiter INTO directory name.

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Systems
Now
directory contains tmp
name contains

Shift

Shift the contents of a field, character by character.

SHIFT <c> [BY <n> PLACES]

[<LEFT/RIGHT/CIRCULAR>].
LEFT shifts the field contents <n> places to the left
and adds

<n> blanks at the right-hand end of

the field (default).

RIGHT shift <n> positions to the right and adds
<n> blanks at

the left-hand end of the field.

CIRCULAR shift <n> positions to the left so that

<n> characters
right.

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on the left appear on the

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Shift
Example
DATA v_cost(10) TYPE c VALUE 345.98-.
SHIFT v_cost BY 1 PLACES RIGHT CIRCULAR.
Now v_cost = - 345.98
CONDENSE v_cost NO-GAPS.
Now v_cost = -345.98
SHIFT v_cost RIGHT TRAILING space.
Now v_cost has value

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-345.98.

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Condense
Deletes redundant spaces from a string.

CONDENSE <c> [NO-GAPS].

Removes any leading blanks in the field
<c> and replaces other sequences of blanks by
exactly

one

blank.

Result

is

left-justified

sequence of words, each separated by one blank.

NO-GAPS is specified, all blanks are
removed.

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Translate

Converts characters into upper or lower case, or

uses substitution rules to convert all occurrences
of one character to another character

TRANSLATE <c> TO UPPER CASE/LOWER CASE.

TRANSLATE <c> USING <r>.

replaces all characters in field <c> according to
the substitution rule stored in field <r>.
replaces all characters in field <c> according to
the substitution rule stored in field <r>.

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Translate
Example
DATA: letters(20) TYPE C VALUE
'abcabcabcXabc',
change(15)TYPE C VALUE 'aXbaYBabZacZB'.

TRANSLATE letters USING change.

letters now contains 'XaZXaZXaZXXaZ'.

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Convert Text
Converts strings into a format that can be sorted
alphabetically.

CONVERT TEXT <c> INTO SORTABLE

CODE <sc>.
field <c> must be of type C and the field <sc> must be
of type X with a minimum size of 16 times the size of
<c>.

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Overlay
Overlays one string with another

OVERLAY <c1> WITH <c2>.

The contents of the field c2 overlay the field c1 in

all positions where c1 has the value SPACE; c2
itself remains unchanged.

OVERLAY <c1> WITH <c2> [ONLY <c3>].

The contents of the field c2 overlay the field c1

only in those positions where c1 has one of the
characters existing as a value in c3; the fields c2
and c3 remain unchanged.

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Overlay
Example
DATA : fname(50) VALUE
/tmp/mat&.txt.
REPLACE & WITH sy-datum INTO
fname.

Now fname has value

/tmp/mat20060222.txt.

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Replace
Replace a string in a field with a different string

REPLACE <str1> WITH <str2> INTO <c>

[LENGTH <l>].

Replaces the first occurrence of the contents of

field str1 in field c with the contents of field str2.

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Search
Search a character field for a particular pattern.

SEARCH <c> FOR <str> <options>.

<options> are ABBREVIATED - first letter of the

word and the

string

<str> must be the same

STARTING AT n1 - starting at position
<n1>
ENDING AT n2 - up to position <n2>
AND MARK - converted to upper case

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Offset

Offset- or length-based access is supported for

character-type single fields, strings and single
fields of types X and XSTRING.

For

character-type

fields

and

fields

of

type

STRING, offset and length are interpreted on a

character-by-character basis.

Only for types X and XSTRING, the values for

offset and length are interpreted in bytes.

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Conditional Operators

CASE Statement

Syntax

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CASE <f>.
WHEN <f11> [OR <f 12> OR ...].
<Statement block>

WHEN <f21>.[OR <f 22> OR ...]

<Statement block>

WHEN <f31> [OR <f 32> OR ...].

<statement block>
WHEN ...
......
WHEN OTHERS.
<statement block>
ENDCASE.
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Conditional Operators

IF, ELSE, ELSEIF, ENDIF

Syntax

02-Sep-09

IF <condition1>.
<statement block>
ELSEIF <condition2>
<statement block>.
ELSEIF <condition3>.
<statement block>
.....
ELSE.
<statement block>
ENDIF.
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Comparison Operators

IS INITIAL

IS BETWEEN

NOT

Comparing Character fields

CO ------Contains only
CN-------Contains not only
CA-------Contains Any
NA-------Contains not any
CS-------Contains String
NS-------Contains Not string
CP-------Contains pattern
NP-------Contains no pattern

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Looping Commands

Unconditional Loops

Syntax
DO [<n> TIMES] [VARYING <f> FROM <f1>
NEXT <f 2>].

<Statement block>
ENDDO.

Conditional Loops

Syntax
WHILE <condition> [VARY <f> FROM <f1>
NEXT <f 2>].
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<statement block>

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Scenario 1
Get two numbers from the user and COMPUTE

ADD

SUBTRACT

MULTIPLY

DIVIDE

Use decimal values to perform the same

operation, control the precisions accurately.

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Scenario 2

Write

My first ABAP

program

Using Substrings with offset print - first

ABAP program

Use SHIFT to print

program My first

ABAP

TRANSLATE to upper case & print

MY

FIRST ABAP PROGRAM

Use OVERLAY to print

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PROGRAM

MY-FIRST-ABAP-

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Scenario 3

Get two values and the operation (+, -, /, *) to be

carried out from the user, based on the input, use
the CASE statement to perform the action. If the
output is greater than 50, print The <output> is
greater than 50, If it is between 25 and 50, print
The <output> is between 25 and 50, If the less
than 25 print The <output> is less then 25.

Maintain a constant variable with the value

(name) Thompson Jack H. David,Get a
parameter from the user (name). If the name
entered by the user is the same as the constant,
print The two names are the same else if the
constant contains a part of the name (ex. David or
Jack), print A part of the name is same else if
the constant contains any of the letters as same
least
letters are the same. 22
02-Sep-09as the name, print At
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Scenario 4

Get a number from the user n and print 1 to n. If

the number is less than 50, print from n to 50.

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Print the following in the mentioned order.

1
2 3 4
2
4 6 8
3
6 9 12
4
8 12 16

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Reference
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