Departemen Teknik Industri

Management Science
Approach

Departemen Teknik Industri

Management Science
Keterbatasan metoda Grafis
Due to Limited Resources
Using Mathematical and
Statistical Approach to Solve the
Real Problem to Obtained
Solution
As a Tool for Decision Making
5. Management Science Approach

Departemen Teknik Industri

MS In Decision Making Process

MSOR

Action

Decision

Solution

IE

Model
Standard

Kriteri
a

Real
System

Problem

Data /Information
5. Management Science Approach

Departemen Teknik Industri

How To Get The Solution?

MS

Problem
Yes

Common Sense?

Use&Choose

No
Yes

Model Standard?

New Alternatives

Build New Model

Formulate

Simulation

Solution
5. Management Science Approach

Departemen Teknik Industri

Management Science Approach

Analysis of
Real System
Implementation
of Finding

Problem
Formulation

Analysis of
Model

Model
Building
5. Management Science Approach

Departemen Teknik Industri

Management Science Era

Classical
Quantitative
Approach

Operation
Research
Model

5. Management Science Approach

Simulation
Model

Departemen Teknik Industri

Classical Quantitative
Approach

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Classical Quantitative Approach

Using Classical Mathematical and
Statistical Approach to Solve the
Quantitative Problem to Obtained
Optimal Solution Analytically
Unconstraint problems

5. Management Science Approach

Departemen Teknik Industri

Taxonomi Problem

Catatan :
S

(X X)

n 1

5. Management Science Approach

Departemen Teknik Industri

Wilson Formula
The first mathematical approach
used to solve the inventory
problem

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Contoh Problem Inventory

Diketahui:
D = 10.000 unit/tahun
A = Rp.1000.000,-/pesan
p = Rp. 10.000,-/unit
h = 20% dari harga/unit/tahun

Bagaimana kebijakan inventori

optimal ?
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Formulasi Problem
Bagaimana Menentukan Kebijakan
Inventori Optimal ?
Berapa Ukuran Lot Pemesanan
Ekonomis ?
( Economic Order Quantity: EOQ )

Kapan Saat Pemesanan Dilakukan

( Re-Order Point: ROP )
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Komponen Model
Problem
Bagaimana
Menentukan
Kebijakan
Inventori
Optimal ?

Decision
Variable
Economic
Order
Quantity(EO
Q)
Re-Order
Point (ROP )

Criteria
Constrai
Performan
nt
ce
Minimasi
Ongkos
Tahunan

5. Management Science Approach

Parameter
Ongkos Pesan
Ongkos
Simpan

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Performance Criteria
Ongkos Inventori Total ( Ot )
O t = O b + Op + O s
Ot: Ongkos Inventori Total
Ob: Ongkos Beli
Op: Ongkos Pesan
Os: Ongkos Simpan

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Asumsi Model Wilson

1. Demand Deterministik Dan Barang
Datang Secara Uniform
2. Ukuran Lot Pemesanan Tetap
Untuk Setiap Kali Pemesanan
3. Barang Yang Dipesan Akan Datang
Secara Serentak Pada Saat
Pemesanan
4. Harga Barang Konstan Baik
Terhadap Lot Maupun Waktu
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Posisi Inventori
C

q0 = 5.000 unit
E

5. Management Science Approach

m = 1/2q0

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Posisi Inventori
SOP = SOH + SOO
dimana:

SOP : Posisi inventori (stock on

position)
SOH : Inventori tersedia (stock on
hand)
SOO : Inventori dalam pesanan (stock
on order)
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Formulasi Model
Min

Ot = Ob + Op + O s

Dimana:
Ob = Dp
Op = AD/Qo
Os = hQo/2

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Formulasi Model
Min Ot = Ob + Op + Os
= Dp + AD/Qo +
hQo/2

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Solusi Model
Syarat Ot minimal:
Ot/Qo = 0

- AD/Qo

+ h/2 =0
1/2

Qo = {2AD/h}

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Solusi Optimal
Qo = {2AD/h}

1/2

= { 2.
1000000.10000/2000}

Qo

= 3165 unit

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Operation Research Approach

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Operation Research Approach

Use Modeling Approach to Solve
the Problem to Obtained Optimal
Solution
Constraint problems

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Departemen Teknik Industri

How To Get The Solution?

MS

Problem
Yes

Common Sense?

Use&Choose

No
Yes

Model Standard?

New Alternatives

Build New Model

Formulate

Simulation

Solution
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Problem Solving Approach

Define Problem
Generate Alternatives
Choose Standard Model
Get The Best Solution
Make Decision
Implementation/Action
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Operation Research Model

Linear
Linear

Non

-Linear Programming
-Transportation
-Transhipment
- Network
Prog.
- Etc
5. Management Science Approach

- Queing
- Inventory
- Dynamics Prog
- Stochastics
- Etc

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Model
Representation of System for Special
Purposes

Representation
Model Iconic
Descriptive
Model Analog
Predictive
Model Symbolic
Normative

Purpose
- Model
- Model
- Model

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Advantages Using Model

Minimize destructive
experiment
Minimize complexity of real
world
Minimize negative impacts
Minimize Cost

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Performance of Model
Valid
Simple
Robust
Adaptive
Complete
Controllable
Communicable
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Solution

Solve the Problem

Reflect Variable Decision
Input For Making Decision

Feasible
Optimal
( Simulasi )
( Analytic)

Best
( Heuristic)

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Performance Criteria
A. Types
1. Single Criteria
2. Multi Criteria

B. Level of Management
1. Company level
2. Business level
3. Operational level
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Components Model
Performance Criteria
Decision Variable
Constraints
Parameter
Logical Relationship

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Komponen Model
Problem

Decision
Variable

Criteria
Constrai
Performan
nt
ce

5. Management Science Approach

Parameter

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Model Formulation
Determine the relationship among
performance criteria, variables,
parameters and constraints

Objective function :
Ai )
Constraints
:
Bi

V = f ( Xi, Yi,
f ( Xi, Yi, Ai ) <

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Linear Programming
Asumsi :
Proprotionality
Additivity
Integrality

Model Formulation :

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Departemen Teknik Industri

General Model
Objective Function:
Min Z = c1X1 + c2X2 + c3X3 + c4X4 + .+ cnXn

Subject to:
1. a11X1 + a12X2 +a13 X3 + a14X4 + + a1nXn

<= B1

2. a21X1 + a22X2 +a23 X3 + a24X4 + + a2nXn <= B2

3. a31X1 + a32X2 +a33 X3 + a34X4 + + a3nXn <= B3
.
.
.
.
m. am1X1 + am2X2 +am3 X3 + am4X4 + + amnXn <=
Bm
X1, X2, X3, X4 Xn >= 0
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Contoh Linear Programming

PT XYZ produces sport jackets and slacks. The
profit on each jacket is $ 10, and for pair of
slacks is $ 15. Each jacket requires 2 m2 of
material and 4 manhours of sewing, which
each pair of slacks requires 5 m2 of material
and 2 manhous of sewing. If there has 50 m2
of material and 36 manhours of work
available each week, how many jackets and
pairs of slacks shoul be produced

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Komponen Model
Problem
Bagaimana
mengatur
produksi
yang
optimal ?

Decision
Variable
1. Number of
jackets
produced/w
eek

Criteria
Constrai
Performan
nt
ce
Profit/week

1. Materi
al
2. Sewing

Parameter
1. Profit
2. Material
Usage
3. Sewing
requirement

2. Number of
slack
produced/w
eek

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Component of Model
Performance Criteria
Profit/week

Decision Variables

Number of jackets produced/week

Number of slack produced/week

x1
x2

Constraints
Material
Sewing

: 50 m2/week
: 36 manhours/week

Parameter
Profit
Usage of material
Sewing requirement

Jacket

Slack

10
2
4

15
5
2

($/unit)
(m2/unit)
(manhour/unit)

Logical Relationship
liner

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Formulation of Model
Objective function : V = f ( Xi, Yi, Ai )
Constraints
:
f ( Xi, Yi, Ai ) <
Bi

Objective function : Z = 10 x1 + 15 x2
Constraints:
Material
: 2 x1 + 5 x2 <= 50
Sewing
: 4 x1 + 2 x2 <= 36
x1 , x2 > = 0
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Solution
Feasible Solution
Optimal Solution

Graphis

Simplex

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Graphical Method
X2

Sewing

4 x1 + 2 x2 <=
18
36
Z= 10 x1 + 15 x2
Optimal
Material
10
2 x1 + 5 x2 <=
50
Feasible
X1
Solution
9

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Optimal Solution
Produce Jacket X1 : 5 unit/week
Produce Slack X2 : 8 unit/week
Profit
Z : $ 170/week

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Transportation Model
Q

.......

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Data
1
A

2
B

3
C

4
D

5
E

6
F

7
G

8
H

19

17

20

100
45

12

24

21

20

21.5

24

15

28

20

18.5 19.5

24

28

Dmd 22

14

18

17

15

15

20

13

5. Management Science Approach

Supply

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Component of Model
Performance Criteria :
Min. Cost

Variable Decision :
Number of
from plant
Number of
from plant

product to be supplied
i (Si)
product to be transported
i to retailer j( Xij)

Constraints:
Supply
Demand
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Model Formulation
Min Z = 12X11 + 24X12 + 21X13 + 20X14 + 21.5X15 +
19X16 +
17X17 + 20X18 + 24X21 + 15X22 + 28X23 +
20X24 +
18.5X25 + 19.5 X26 + 24 X27 + 28X28

Subject to:
1). X11 + X12 + X13 + X14 + X15 + X16 +X17 + X18 <=100
2). X21 + X22 + X23 + X24 + X25 + X26 +X27 + X28 <= 45

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Model Formulation
3). X11 + X21 = 22
4). X12 + X22 = 14
5). X13 + X23 = 18
6). X14 + X24 = 17
7). X15 + X25 = 15
8). X16 + X26 = 13
9). X17 + X27 = 15
10). X18 + X28 = 20
All Variable Non Negative
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Optimal Solution
1
A

2
B

22

Dmnd 22

3
C

4
D

5
E

18

17

14

14

6
F

7
G

8
H

Supply

13

15

89

15

16

45

18
17 15
13
15
Minimal Cost = $ 2583.50
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Optimal Solution
Q

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