Keynote:

Towards 5G
System:
Issues
and Challenges in
Beamforming

Prof. Dr. Mahamod

Ismail

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Speaker
Mahamod Ismail (mahamod@ukm.edu.my) joined the Department of Electrical,
Electronics and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in 1985. He is a Professor in Communication
Engineering and served as the Head of Department from April 2012 until April 2015. He
received the B.Sc. degree in Electrical and Electronics from University of Strathclyde, U.K.
in 1985, the M.Sc. degree in Communication Engineering and Digital Electronics from
University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), Manchester U.K. in
1987, and the Ph.D. from University of Bradford, U.K. in 1996. He was with the first
Malaysia Microsatellite TiungSat Team Engineers in Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. U.K.
from June 1997 until March 1998. In the summer semester 2003, he served as a Guest
Professor in Computer Engineering in the University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg
Germany funded by the German Academic Exchange Services (DAAD). His research
interests include mobile and satellite communication, and wireless networking particularly
on the radio resource management for the next generation wireless communication
network. He is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(SMIEEE), USA and served as Chair of IEEE, Malaysia Section from 2011 to 2012. He also
served as Chair and committee member in IEEE Malaysia Joint Communication Society
and Vehicular Technology Society (COM-VT) until today and actively involved in organizing
conferences among others MICC, APCC, ISTT, ICONSPACE and ICC2016.

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Abstract
In order to meet Fifth Generation (5G) wireless system requirement in term of user
and system capacity, various disruptive technologies have been proposed among
other heterogeneous network (HetNets) over multiple Radio Access Technologies
(multi-RATs), Millimeter-wave, Massive MIMO and Device-to-Device and Full-duplex
communications. As 5G is anticipated to operate in higher frequency, the
propagation is more hostile, however more elements can be packed into smaller
antenna, thus it become possible to steer the transmission towards the intended
direction and users using Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) information. Traditionally, a
beamforming is a signal processing techniques used to control the directionality of
the transmission and reception of radio signals, thus the beam can be directed
toward users and suppressed towards interferers. Moreover, in 2G and 3G system,
it been deployed using either switched beam or adaptive beamformers in 2G and
3G system. Besides several benefits in term of decreased interference, reduces
overall transmission power in networks, extended service and higher data rates in
sparse deployment, various issues and challenges need to be resolved for 5G
beamforming deployment such as digital beamforming, DOA estimations, Millimiterwave beamforming and Massive MIMO beamforming.

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Outline

Introduction
5G Enabler
Beamforming
BF Challenges
Related Research
Conclusion

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Introduction

Source: Qualcomm 2013

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Introduction

Source: Rumney 2014

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Introduction

Source: Roberts 2015

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

3GPP Release-12 Onwards

MTC Machine-Type Communications

eMBMS - Evolved Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
D2D Device-to-Device

Introduction

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

3GPP Release-10

Source: Nagata 2014

Introduction

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

3GPP Release-10

Source: Nagata 2014

Introduction

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3GPP Release-11

Source: Nagata 2014

Introduction

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5G Enabler

Source: Tafazolli 2015

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5G Enabler

High Capacity

High Throughput

High QoE

Efficiency

Latency < 1 ms

High Quality

User throughput ~ 1 Gbps

Low Latency

Avoid capacity crunch

with vast number of IoT
devices

Cost efficient high density

small cell capacity and
energy efficient

Long Battery Life

Energy efficiency (up to

10 years)

Source: Roberts 2015 & Benn 2014

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5G Enabler

Akhil Gupta &

Rakesh Kumar Jha
2015

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5G Enabler

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Heterogeneous Network
(HetNet)

5G Enabler

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5G Enabler

Software defined
control framework
for heterogeneous
RAN
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5G Enabler

Network slicing in software defined mobile networks

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5G Enabler
The features and
benefits of Release
12 work items

Massive MIMO

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5G Enabler

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5G Enabler

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5G Enabler

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Beamforming
Essentially

narrows a signal toward a receiver

Identified as a part of the solution to the 5G deployment
problem.
Already, beamforming is becoming a standard element in many
wireless scenarios, from Wi-Fi deployments to LTE rollouts.
Benefit in Massive MIMO

Enhanced energy efficiency

Improved spectral efficiency
Enhanced data rate through
improvement
Increased system security
Improved link reliability
Applicable for mm wavebands

gain

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Beamforming
Two adjacent cells each communicating with
a respective UE located at the boundary
between the two cells (eNB1UE1,
eNB2UE2) with maximum signal power in
the azimuth direction of serviced UE and by
steering the power null location in the
direction of interfered UE. Beamforming can
provide considerable performance
improvements particularly for cell edge users.
The beamforming gain can also be used to
increase the cell coverage where required.
A single cell (eNB3) communicating
simultaneously with two spatially separated
devices (UE3 and UE4). Since different
beamforming weightings can be applied
independently to each of the spatial
multiplexing transmission layers, it is possible
to use Space Division Multiple Access
(SDMA) in combination with MU-MIMO
transmissions in order to deliver an improved
cell capacity.
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Beamforming
Beamforming
classifications

Butler Matrix

LMS Least Mean square

RLS - Recursive Least Squares
SMI - Sample Matrix Inversion
CGA Conjugate Gradient Method

CMA Constant Modulus Algorithm

LS-CMA - CMA Least Square CMA
LCMV - Linear constraint minimum
variance
MVDR Minimum Variance
Distortionless Response
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Beamforming

Switched beamforming vs adaptive beamforming

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Beamforming

SWITCHED
ADAPTIVE
BEAMFORMING
BEAMFORMING

COVERAGE
BETTER COVERAGE AND
WITH THE SAME POWER
AND CAPACITY CAPACITY COMPARED TO
LEVEL, CAN COVER A
CONVENTIONAL ANTENNA
LARGER AND UNIFORM
SYSTEMS. THE
AREA COMPARED TO
IMPROVEMENT IS FROM
SWITCHED
20 TO 200%.
BEAMFORMING.
INTERFERENCE
SUFFERS FROM A
OFFERS MORE
ELIMINATION
PROBLEM IN
COMPREHENSIVE
DIFFERENTIATING
INTERFERENCE REJECTION
BETWEEN THE DESIRED
SIGNAL AND AN
INTERFERER SIGNAL
COMPLEXITY
- EASY TO IMPLEMENT
- VERY DIFFICULT TO
AND COST
IN EXISTING
IMPLEMENT AND
CELLULAR SYSTEMS
EXPENSIVE.
AND INEXPENSIVE.
- REQUIRES TIME AND
- SIMPLE ALGORITHMS
ACCURATE
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2016 Dr.MBI@UKM
ARE USED FOR BEAM
ALGORITHMS (VERY
SELECTION
COMPLICATED) TO

Beamforming
Beamforming

utilizes multiple antennas

transmitting at the same frequency to realize
directional transmission
Open loop beamforming
Used

precomputed beamforming weights

without knowledge of the users location

Closed

loop beamforming

Employs

channel state information (CSI) to

calculate the beamweights

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Beamforming

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Beamforming

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Beamforming

Electrical downtilt

3D dynamic beamforming in
horizontal sight

Conventional 2D MIMO beamforming

3D dynamic beamforming in
vertical sight
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Beamforming

Arraycomm 2016
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Beamforming
Classification of Beamforming Techniques :
Direction of Arrival (DOA) beamforming
The eNodeB estimates the direction of arrival of the signal, uses
the DOA information to calculate the transmit weight, and targets
the major lobe of the transmit beam at the best direction.

MIMO beamforming:
The eNodeB uses the channel information to calculate the
transmit weight, forming a beam.

In the industry
TDD system uses open loop beamforming and
FDD system uses closed loop beamforming.

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Beamforming

Several AAS beamforming and beam steering

applications are possible for macro cell sites

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Beamforming

Applications of full-dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO) with 3D BF

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Beamforming

Multi-antenna technology is a wireless communication

technology which uses more than one antennas in both Base
Station (BS) and Mobile Station (MS) in many wireless
communication standards, such as 16e,16m,LTE,LTE-A
The technology brings:
Power Gain
Space Diversity Gain
Spatial Multiplexing Gain
Array Gain and
Co-channel Interference Reduction Gain.
Therefore, it is used to improve the system coverage,
enhance the link reliability and increase system capacity, and
whats more, these performances can be achieved without
obvious cost increase in wireless communication systems.
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Beamforming

Space-Time Block Coding (STBC)

achieve the Spatial Diversity Gain

offers redundancy in the spatial dimensions by transmitting a signal
on more than one antenna during two time slot.

Space Multiplexing (SM)

is for the Multiplexing Gain in MIMO system

it sends a different signal on each time-frequency resources of each
antenna
could multiply spectrum efficiency without additional spectrum
resources.

MIMO system

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Beamforming

Beamforming (BF) provide Array Gain and Co-channel Interference

Reduction Gain
By weighting the signal streams, the BS forms a narrow wave beams
which points to the direction of aim user while suppress the
interference signal from non-aim user.
Traditional BF technology is based on estimating the Direction of
Arrival (DOA) of beamforming phased-array and calculating the
beamforming weights based on channel coefficient matrix
The BF technology is also called MIMO-BF or MIMO BF.
Different with MIMO+BF, MIMO-BF or MIMO BF is solely BF without
being combined with MIMO Matrix A or MIMO Matrix B.

BF systems
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Beamforming

MIMO+BF Scheme 1 - based on the antenna sub-array & data transmission

MIMO+BF Scheme 2- based on the entire antenna array & data transmission
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2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Beamforming
The evolutionary path where Generation II moves the radio units from the indoor enclosure at
the base of a tower, up to the tower top below the antenna. RRU replaces coaxial feeder cables
with fiber-optic cable interconnects. Generation III integrates the radio unit, typically 2T4R, and
antenna within the radome where the radio interfaces with a cross-polarized antenna array.
Generation IV integrates multiple radio transceivers inside the antenna where each radio
interfaces with a dedicated antenna element to form an array.

BTS Base Transceiver Station

RRU Remote Radio Unit
IAR Integrated Antenna Radio
AAS Active Antenna System

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Beamforming
Baseband Beamforming architectures
Provide large antenna gain and this enables multi stream, multi user
connections with a variety of transmission modes.
When the design requires hundreds of antennas, which all need hundreds of
power-hungry converters (both ADC and DAC) - increase hardware
complexity and power consumption of the system and makes this architecture
impractical for these types of designs.
Weighting factor Wi is a function of amplitude and phase with i {1..n} as
number of antenna paths, precoding and combining are performed in BB.

Baseband Beamforming architectures

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Beamforming
RF Beamforming architectures
The precoding and combining is done in the RF side with lower power
consumption and lower hardware complexity.
Since high performance phase shifters in CMOS introduce phase and
amplitude error verses frequency as well as phase variation verses the
control voltage, the design of high performance phase shifters in CMOS
turns out to be quite challenging.
Weighting factor Wi is a function of amplitude and phase with i {1..n} as
number of antenna paths, precoding and combining are performed in RF.

RF Beamforming
architectures
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2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Beamforming
Hybrid Beamforming architectures
The precoding and combining is done in both baseband (BB) and RF
sections. Baseband precoder(FBB) / combiner(WBB) using digital signal
processing and RF precoder (FRF) / combiner(WRF) using phase shifter.
By reducing the total number of the RF chains and ADC/DAC, hybrid
beamforming still gets similar performance to that of digital beamforming,
but saves power and complexity.
With this structure even though we used a large enough number of
antennas, the lossy mmWave channel naturally suppresses multi path
interference and reflections.

Hybrid Beamforming architectures

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Beamforming

Hybrid Precoding in mmWave and massive MIMO Systems

Designing

hybrid analog/digital precoders/combiners is challenging mainly because

of the coupling between the analog and digital precoders.
Investigation on the hybrid precoding/combining design problem for singleuser/multi-user mmWave and low-frequency massive MIMO systems. Also hybrid
precoders design for wideband frequency selective mmWave systems.
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Beamforming

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 3D

beamforming

Beamforming

Both vertical and horizontal directions

Vertical cell splitting (sectorization)

3g4g.blogspot.com

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Beamforming

3g4g.blogspot.com
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BF Challenges

FD-MIMO 3D
Beamforming

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BF Challenges

Rohde & Schwarz 2016

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BF Challenges
mmWave Beamforming
To provide high throughput in small geographic areas
Directional BF for signal power and reduced interference
Sensitivity to blockages, indoor coverage more challenging

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BF Challenges

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BF Challenges

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BF Challenges

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BF Challenges

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BF Challenges
Feedback for channel state information for hybrid
beamforming in 802.11ay

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BF Challenges
Efficient beam selection for hybrid beamforming

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Related Research
5G

Initiative in Malaysia

Was established on 3rd Sep 2014 initiated by Wireless Communication

Centre (WCC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
Members from universities, research institutions, industries and Malaysian
Technical Standards Forum Bhd. (MTSB)
MTSB is designated by Malaysian Communications and Multimedia
Commission (MCMC) and was established to embrace self regulatory by
initiating and facilitating the development of technical codes, standards and
guidelines
The objectives of 5G committee

To foster collaboration and partnership

academia and industry in
Malaysia.
To contribute to the standardization
To become evaluation group for
standardization

between
5G R&D activities in
of IMT-2020
IMT-2020

Source: Rahman, T.A. 2015

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Related Research
5G

Initiative in Malaysia

Source: Rahman, T.A. 2015

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Related Research
Pilot Contamination and its Effect

Towards Massive-MIMO Capacity in

Fifth Generation (5G) Wireless
Transmissions

Problem statements:

Pilot contamination is caused by the interference from all users in

the other cells during training phase

The effect of pilot contamination becomes worst when all the

nearby cells are time-synchronized cells

Pilot contamination caused asymptotic Signal to Interference and

Noise Ratio (SINR)

Objectives

To analyze the effect of pilot contamination that limit the

implementation of large number of Massive-MIMO antenna

To investigate the relationship between spatial sub-channel

coefficients and channel estimation error under 5G downlink
transmission requirements

To validate the performance of temporal-based pilot contamination

avoidance technique in higher order Massive-MIMO

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2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Related Research
Estimating

DoA From Radio Frequency RSSI

Measurements Using Multi-Element Femtocell
Configuration

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2015 Dr.MBI@UKM

Related Research
Interference Mitigation Strategies for Co-Existence
Among 5G Heterogeneous Networks

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Related Research

Problem Statement

Provision of directional beam

forming in femtocell
mandated by coverage
optimization and cell
mitigation
Future 5G wireless networks
will have to contend with
severely limited range at the
high frequencies at which
they will operate
Expect to see a proliferation
of 5G base stations, including
multiple ones within a single
building.
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Related Research

Problem Statement

A handset usually communicates

though the nearest tower but
can be made to use a more
distant one if the nearest tower
cannot handle its traffic.
No evidence investigating Radio
Environment Map (REM) in
mitigating the intercell
interference.
What is not yet known is the role
of REM in facilitating small and
dense cells deployment in future
5G.
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Related Research

Problem Statement
Device-to-Device (D2D) architecture improve
throughput, coverage, end-to-end latency.
However, introduces several challenges, such as
interference management between cellular and
D2D users becomes one of the most critical
issues for in-band D2D communication.
If the generated interference is not well
controlled, it will deteriorate the potential
benefits of D2D communication since the overall
cellular capacity and efficiency is degraded

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Related Research

Objectives
To

introduce a novel DoA estimation technique of

the users in 5G femtocell network by using
machine learning process
To quantify the benefits of REM-data
measurements experimentally in the intercell
interference coordination within 5G small cells
To design an innovative interference cancellation
technique to mitigate cross-layer and co-layer
interference in D2D enabled cellular network.

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Related Research

Methodology

WP1: DoA Estimation for 5G Femtocell Multi-element Antenna

PHASE 1: Problem background and DoA characterization
PHASE 2: Development of beam steering technique based on
machine learning DoA algorithm
PHASE 3: Validation of beam steering in potential 5G environment
WP2: Interference Mitigation for 5G Small Cells with Radio
Environment Map (REM) PHASE 1: Development of Spectrum Sensing
and Localisation Tracking
PHASE 2: Development of REM database
PHASE 3: Development of Intercell Interference Coordination
technique

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Related Research
WP 2: Overview of REM Prototype Architecture

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Related Research

Methodology
WP3:

Cross & Co-Layer Interference Mitigation Strategy

for Device-to-Device (D2D)
PHASE 1: Investigation of interference cancellation
techniques in D2D enabled cellular networks and 5G
transmission
PHASE 2: Exploring the feasibility of integrating
interference cancellation and Beamforming precoding
to D2D enabled cellular network
PHASE 3: Evaluate the interference cancellation based
on 5G specifications and network offloading scenario

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Related Research
WP 3: Cellular Offloading in D2D
Communications in Multi-tier cells in
Heterogeneous Networks

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Related Research

Capacity Evaluation for UWB/mmWave Deployment in 5G

System

28 GHz
38 GHz
73 GHz

SINR A=??????
SINR B=??????
SINR C=??????

MAX_SINR

CAPACITY(M)=N * B.W *
log1(1+MAX_SINR)
CAPACITY_AVG=N * (B.W/NO_USER ) *
log1(1+MAX_SINR)
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Related Research

Capacity Evaluation for UWB/mmWave Deployment in 5G

System

1000

-1000

-2000

-3000
-3000

22

21

20
813
57 23 8210 3 717 19
35
50
27
66
29 12 49 1
1536
36
34
28
26
11
43
9 8 87 24
3
2
5
26
63 84
6512
48
47
25
21
37 10 4 647 5933
29
4
2
1 25
27
19
10
20
95 9431
769
7
90
11
86
33
11 12
28 72
46 552 6 75
62396
2
80
60
38
40 51
30
32
453 35 70
34
56 12 411
39 93
40
74
31
23
55
1
1
8
22
32
37 18
9168
92
6 99
54
4429 9798
1781 69
16
30
28
38
36
38
77
5 30
6 58 67
4
21 20
15 14
78
14
13
15
42
39
100 41
1489
53 7 13 35
31 22 5 19 27
39 16
43
8
79
37
44
42 2617 18
88
23 24
1583 14 25 40
32
34
42
73
33
41
45 16 6 61
13 41
85
2
9
24
171018
46
48
47
-2000

-1000

1000

2000

SINR A
SINR B
SINR C
Max SINR

0.9
0.8
0.7
P(SINR>absisca)

2000

Empirical CDF

3000

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1

3000

0
-10

-5

10
15
SINR (dB)

71

20

25

30

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

35

Related Research
A Hybrid Gravitational

Search Algorithm (GSA) for

Enhancement of Minimum
Variance Distortion-less
Response (MVDR)
Beamforming

To develop and investigate the MVDR

beamforming algorithm assisted by
GSA so as to obtain a deeper null at
interference
sources
and
more
accurate steering of main lobe toward
desired signal.
To analyses the performance of the
GSA so as to enable Hybrid GSA
(HGSA) based beamforming algorithm
to obtain its optimized weight vectors
with better throughput.

WMVDR

R 1a( )
H
a ( ) R 1a( )

W MVDR

72

W1
W
2

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Related Research

Minimization result of benchmark functions with

tmax=1000
Function

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

Method

Mean

Median

Best

1.5910

1.2810

Std

MBGSA

1.6610

ECGSA

1.5510-3

1.3510-3

1.2210-4

0.0011

SLGSA

16.04

10.80

7.09

10.12

HGSA

3.610-4

3.1210-4

MBGSA

3.0710

3.0510

ECGSA

2.9310-9

SLGSA
HGSA

-1

-1

-1

0.0322

3.6510-5

5.1610-10

2.9710-9

1.0310-9

1.1210-9

1.1110-9

1.1210-9

8.5210-10

1.0910-10

8.8110-10

7.8410-10

1.2310-10

5.6310-10

MBGSA

23.82

23.84

23.47

0.31

ECGSA

22.6

22.6

22.1

0.169

SLGSA

25.05

25.12

23.86

0.260

HGSA

21.94

22.19

20.13

0.79

MBGSA

1.28

1.38

0.07

0.34

ECGSA

2.4810-2

1.4810-2

0.00100

0.027

SLGSA

0.03

2.1910-2

0.00100

0.030

HGSA

2.0810-12

2.9410-14

2.5510-15

7.9610-12

MBGSA

6.110-3

8.410-20

4.5210-20

0.025

ECGSA

1.0210-22

8.6810-23

2.8210-23

7.1410-23

SLGSA

5.6910-19

5.7210-19

2.7210-19

1.6510-19

HGSA

2.6510-23

2.2210-23

1.0810-23

1.410-23

-9

2.3610

0.0003
-9

-9

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Related Research
Comparison

of SINR calculation for various cases

Method

1 Interference at
30

2 Interference at
30,50

3 Interference at
30,50,25

4 Interference at
30,50,25,60

MVDR

40.65

33.88

27.02

12.17

GSA-MVDR

67.10

63.65

32.25

12.52

MBGSA-MVDR

69.99

69.99

36.13

12.79

ECGSA-MVDR

69.99

69.99

36.61

12.79

SLGSA-MVDR

69.99

69.74

35.69

12.76

HGSA-MVDR

69.99

69.99

37.72

12.81

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Related Research

MVDR assisted by GSA perform better in terms of SINR in all

simulated scenarios as compared to conventional MVDR.
Three new modifications of GSA have been proposed as HGSA:

Memory Based Gravitational Search Algorithm (MBGSA)

Experience oriented-Convergence improved Gravitational Search Algorithm (ECGSA)
Stochastic Leader Gravitational Search Algorithm (SL-GSA)

The HGSA-MVDR performs the best as compared to conventional

MVDR beamforming technique, GSA-MVDR, MBGSA-MVDR, ECGSAMVDR, SLGSA-MVDR beamforming technique. HGSA-MVDR with high
convergence rate is able to determine the best weight vectors to
produce better SINR in all scenarios.
The HGSA performs the best as compared to conventional GSA and its
variants. HGSA with high convergence rate is able to produce the
best value in the benchmark functions.

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Related Research

Efficient Adaptive Handover

Techniques Over Coordinated

Contiguous Carrier Aggregation
Deployment Scenario In LTEAdvanced System

CC-CADS deployment scheme is using

two contiguous CCs with different
beam orientation for each carrier to
enhance the coverage of the eNB
(a) CADS-1, (b) CADS-2, and (c) CADS-3

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Related Research
The average RSRP, SINR, spectral efficiency and outage probability in CCCADS scenario are significantly better compared to the typical CADSs.
Empirical CDF

8
7

CADS-1
CADS-2
CADS-3
CC-CADS

0.9
0.8

Average SINR [dB]

0.7

0.6
0.5
0.4

CADS-1
CADS-2
CADS-3
CC-CADS

-1

0.1

-2
-54.5

-56

-55

-54
-53
-52
-51
Average Serving RSRP [P r (dBm)]

-50

-49

-54

0.35

-53.5
-53
-52.5
-52
Average Serving RSRP [dBm]

0.3
CADS-1
CADS-2
CADS-3
CC-CADS

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3

-51.5

-51

40km
60km
80km
100km
120km
140km

Empirical CDF

0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05

0.2

0.1
0
2.2

0.2

0
-57

0.3

Average Outage Probability [ < thr ]

CDF Probability of Users RSRP [P

> Q rxlevmin]

CDF of Spectral Efficiency Probability

2.4

2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
Average UEs Spectral Efficiency [bps/Hz]

4.2

CADS-1

CADS-2
CADS-3
CC-CADS
Carrier Aggregation Deployment Scenarios

77

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Related Research

Steerable Beamforming

Techniques over Carrier

Aggregation in LTE-Advanced
System
Interference mitigation using antenna
beam steering coordinated with
Carrier-Aggregation for capacity
enhancement

0.5

km

Cell Layout

1.5

1
5

-0.5

3
4

-1

-1.5
-1.5

-1

-0.5

0
km

78

0.5

1.5

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Related Research
SINR for F1 (2.1GHz)

1
0.9
0.8

F1 for 10 UE
F1 for 50 UE
F1 for 100 UE

0.7
X: 6.484
Y: 0.5

0.5
0.4
0.3

0.2

0.9

0.1

0.8

0
-60

-40

-20

0
20
SINR (dB)

40

60

SINR performance

SINR for F2 (2.6GHz)

F2 for 10 UE
F2 for 50 UE
F2 for 100 UE

0.7

80

0.6

F(x)

F(x )

0.6

X: 20.53
Y: 0.5

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-60

-40

-20

0
20
SINR (dB)

79

40

60

80

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Related Research
Current

Grants

A New DoA Estimation Technique based on Multielement Antenna configuration in Femtocell for 5G
Cellular Mobile Communication
Autonomous Multi-objective Cross-layer Optimization for
Ultra-dense 5G Cellular Networks
Pilot Contamination and its Effect Towards Massive-MIMO
Capacity in Fifth Generation (5G) Wireless Transmissions

80

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Conclusion
The promising 5G technology is totally a new
technology that utilizes multiple Radio Access
Technologies (RAT) to meet users demand.
Among others, interference mitigation and capacity
enhancement are two important issues to be resolved
before 5G deployment.
Massive MIMO and 3D beamforming is one of the
potential solution for spectral efficiency
enhancement.
However, there are many challenges to be resolve
before system deployment at mmWave frequencies
(30 GHz and 60 GHz)

81

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

References

Wonil Roh. 2015. Advanced MIMO/Beamforming as Key Enabler for 5G.

Johannesberg Summit.
Chin, Woon Hau, Zhong Fan, and Russell J. Haines. 2014. "Emerging Technologies
and Research Challenges for 5G Wireless Networks." IEEE Wireless
Communications.
Akhil Gupta & Rakesh Kumar Jha. A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and
Emerging Technologies. IEEE Access. 2015
Miranda, J.P. 2014. Interference Mitigation & Massive MIMO for 5G: Summary of
CPqDs Results.
Shayea, I., M. Ismail, R. Nordin & H. Mohamad 2014. Handover Performance over
a Coordinated Contiguous Carrier Aggregation Deployment Scenario in the LTEAdvanced System. International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2014(15):1-15.
Tharek Abd. Rahman. 2015. Malaysian Towards 5G: Standardization and R&D
Activities. 5G IMT Seminar
Rahim Tafazolli. 2015. 5G: Special Generation. 5G IMT Seminar
Rohde & Schwarz, Mobile Network Testing Seminar 2016. K.Lumpur

82

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

References

Konstantinos Dimou. 2013. Interference Management Within 3GPP LTEAdvanced.

Phil Roberts, 5G is this the technology that will deliver the ultimate mobile
experience? 2015 (http://telecom.com)
Qian Li,Huaning Niu, Apostolos Papathanassiou & Geng Wu. 5G Network
Capacity. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine. March 2014
Moray Rumney. Keysight Technologies - Finding Space for 5G. 2014
Howard Benn, Vision and Key Features for 5th Generation (5G) Cellular. 2014
Afaz Uddin Ahmed, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, and Mahamod Ismail. 2015.
Estimating DoA From Radio Frequency RSSI Measurements Using MultiElement Femtocell Configuration. IEEE Sensors Journal 15(4):2087-2092.
http://www.telecomclouds.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/. 2015
Zahir, T., Arshad, K., Nakata, A., and Moessner, K. Moessner, K., Interference
Management in Femtocells, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,
15(1):293-311. 2013.

83

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Thank you
http://www.ukm.my/mahamod
mahamod@ukm.edu.my
mahamod@gmail.com
019-2615404/019-3275425
03-89216326

UKM

85

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Department
http://www.ukm.my/jkees/

Academic

Staff: Professor (13), Associate Professor

(9), Senior Lecturer (25), Lecturer (8)
Supporting Staff: Technical (21), Administration (3)
Academic Program:

Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) 80

Bachelor of Engineering (Electronic Engineering) 60
M.Eng. (Communication & Computer) 40
86
2016 Dr.MBI@UKM
M.Sc. (Microelectronics) 20

Research
Research
1.
2.
3.
4.

Computer Technology, Signal Processing and

Instrumentation
Microelectronics, Optical fibers and Sensor Technology
Power and Expert Systems
Communications and Telematics

Research
1.
2.

Group:

Institute/Centre:

Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics

(IMEN)
Space Science Centre (ANGKASA)

87

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

 Wireless

& Network

Antenna

& Radio Frequency

Photonics

Space

Research

& Optical Communications

Science & Communications

88

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM

Research

89

2016 Dr.MBI@UKM