CSF111-L1 L2 L3 Introduction

CP (CS F111)
BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus
Mr. Sanjeev Kr Singh

Lecturer
Department of CSIS
Todays Agenda
Course Logistics
Course Motivation
Course Outline
Basics
CS F111
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Course Logistics
Total
Marks =
300
Make-Up Policy :
Makeup for other components is granted on
prior permissions and valid document of illness.
CS F111
Course Logistics
Lab (Practicals)
Once in a week of 2 hours.
Focus on practical aspects of programming and complex problem solving
Online Judge : Mooshak
Lab Evaluation Components
Continuous Lab Evaluation 10%

Lab Eval-1 10 %
Lab Eval-2 15%
Chamber consultation hours
B223 Wednesday (3.00 4.00 pm)
Course Notices:
CMS & CSIS Notice board(B-Block)

CS F111
Our Team
Mr. Sanjeev Singh : Instructor in Charge
Dr. Aruna Malapati : Instructor
Mr. Gokul Kannan : Instructor
Research Scholars : Mr. Pavan, Mr. Sanket , Ms. Rajita
Teaching Assistants : TBA
3 Lectures + 1 Lab every week
CS F111
Text Books
CS F111
Course Motivation
Programming is the core of everything to do with
computers.
Application areas :
Book tickets online

Buy online
Search Something on internet
Weather forecast
Video games
Intelligent Systems : Washing Machines, Fighter planes
Device Drivers
CS F111
Ticket Reservation
CS F111
Buying Online
CS F111
Washing Machine
CS F111
Mars Mission
CS F111
Why Learn C?
C is the basis for many other languages (C++, Java, Perl).
C is very quick.
C is small (only 32 keywords).
C is common (lots of C code).
C is stable (the language doesnt change much).
C is easy to Learn
CS F111
Outcome of this Course

At the end of the course
you should be able to solve a task by developing an
algorithm.
writing and execute its equivalent C program.
Also, you will be able to know little about the components
responsible for executing your program.
CS F111
Course Outline - Overview
Fundamentals
Problem Solving Methodology
Decision making
Looping
Complex Data Types
Data-Types, variables
Standard Input / Output
Programming Constructs
Flowchart and Algorithms
Overview of C programming
Computer Hardware & Software

Programming Language
Arrays
Pointers
Strings
Structures
Modular Programming
Bit-Level Manipulations
File Handling
Linked List and operation on it.
CS F111
What is a Computer ?
CS F111
What is Computer System ?

A computer system includes hardware and software
Things that we
cannot touch
CS F111
Basic Definitions
Bit(Binary Digit) : 0s and 1s
Low Voltage : 0 (off)
High Voltage : 1 (on)
Instruction : Sequence of bits to carry out specific

task
ADD
SUB
MUL
DIV
MOV etc
CS F111
Basic Definitions
Program
task
Set of instructions for carrying out a specific
Where are programs stored?

In secondary memory, when first created.
Brought into main memory, during execution.
Software Collection of programs.

System software
Application software
CS F111
Computer Software
System Software
Programs that manage the hardware resources
Operating System, Compilers, Linkers, Loaders, Debuggers, Disk
formatters, etc.
Application Software
Helps users solve their problems
VLC player, Office, web browsers, DBMS, Banking application,
Reservation systems etc.
CS F111
Anatomy of a Computer
System
User
Application
Software
System
Software
Hardware
CS F111
Computer Hardware
Input Device
Output Device
Memory
Primary Memory
Secondary Memory
Processing Elements
CS F111
Input Device
Input: Getting Data into the Computer
CS F111
Output Device
Output: Displaying Information
CS F111
Primary Memory
Random Access Memory RAM
Cache Memory L1 , L2 cache
CS F111
Secondary Storage Memory

Hard Disk Drive
Flash Drive
Compact Disc
SD Memory Card
CS F111
Memory & Speed Hierarchy
Memory is physically arranged so that fastest elements

(registers) are closest to the CPU and slower elements are
progressively farther away.
Very Nicely explained about how data is
stored on disc :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3BNHhfTsvk
CS F111
Megabytes, Gigabytes,
Terabytes... What Are They ?
1 Bit = Binary Digit
8 Bits = 1 Byte
word 4 bytes = 32 bits (word size is processor specific)
Base 2 Numbers composed of bits

Base 10 Numbers composed of the digits 0-9
Base 16 Numbers composed of the digits 0-9 and letters A-F. Also called hexadecimal or
hex.
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte

1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
CS F111
Processing Element
Processing : Working on the input data to
produce output
Central Processing
Unit
CS F111
CPU (Central Processing Unit)

- Fetch Decode Execute
- It retrieves instructions from the memory, interprets
(decodes) them, and performs the requested
operation
- It has a large number of registers which temporarily
store data and programs (instructions).
CS F111
Programming Languages
1. Machine Language
2. Assembly Language
3. High-Level Language
CS F111
Machine Language
Expressed in binary.
Directly understood by the computer.
Not portable; varies from one machine type to
another.
Program written for one type of machine will not run on
another type of machine.
Difficult to use in writing programs.
CS F111
Assembly Language
Mnemonic form of machine language.
Easier to use as compared to machine language.
- For example, use ADD instead of 10110100.
Not portable (like machine language).

Requires a translator program called assembler.
Assembly
language
program
Assembler
CS F111
Machine
language
program
Contd.
Assembly language is also difficult to use in writing programs.
Requires many instructions to solve a problem.
Example: Find the average of three numbers.

MOV
ADD
A,X
A,Y
; A=X
; A=A+Y
ADD
DIV
MOV
A,Z
A,3
RES,A
; A=A+Z
; A=A/3
; RES = A
In C,
RES = (X + Y + Z) / 3
CS F111
High-Level Language
Machine language and assembly language are called low-level

languages.
They are closer to the machine.
Difficult to use.
High-level languages are easier to use.

They are closer to the programmer.
Examples:
C, C++, Java
Requires a translator.
Using a software called compiler.
CS F111
Some programmer jargon

Some words that will be used a lot:
Source code: The stuff you type into the computer. The
program you are writing.
Compile (build): Taking source code and making a program
that the computer can understand.
Executable: The compiled program that the computer can run.
Library: Added functions for C programming which are bolted
on to do certain tasks.
Header file: Files ending in .h which are included at the start of
source code.
CS F111
Creating and Running C

Programs
Text
Text editor
editor
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main (void)
int main (void)
{
{
}
}
Compiler
Compiler
Linker
Linker
Library
Loader
Source
00110 110
11001
110
Object
00110 110
110
11001
11001 000
-- - - - - 110
01010
-- - - - -- - - -- - - -
Executabl
e
Results
CS F111
Our First C Program: Hello World
Preprocessor
#include <stdio.h>
Comments are good
/* This program prints Hello World */

main( ) means start here
int main()
{
printf(Hello World!\\nn);
return 0;
}
Library command
Brackets define code blocks
CS F111
C doesnt care much about spaces

#include <stdio.h> /* This program prints Hello World */
int main( ) { printf(Hello World!\n); return 0;}
CS F111
Summary
Course related information
Basics
Component of Computer
3 types of Languages
Compilation & First C Program
CS F111
THANK YOU
CS F111

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CP (CS F111)

Mr. Sanjeev Kr Singh

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Lab Evaluation Components

Continuous Lab Evaluation 10%

Chamber consultation hours

B223 Wednesday (3.00 4.00 pm)

CMS & CSIS Notice board(B-Block)

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

3 Lectures + 1 Lab every week

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Book tickets online

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

C is the basis for many other languages (C++, Java, Perl).

C is small (only 32 keywords).

C is common (lots of C code).

C is stable (the language doesnt change much).

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Outcome of this Course

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Course Outline - Overview

Problem Solving Methodology

Complex Data Types

Flowchart and Algorithms

Computer Hardware & Software

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

What is Computer System ?

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Instruction : Sequence of bits to carry out specific

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Set of instructions for carrying out a specific

Where are programs stored?

Software Collection of programs.

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Cache Memory L1 , L2 cache

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Secondary Storage Memory

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Memory & Speed Hierarchy

Memory is physically arranged so that fastest elements

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Base 2 Numbers composed of bits

1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Difficult to use in writing programs.

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Not portable (like machine language).

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus