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VolcanicFeatures
LocationandTypesofVolcanicActivity
EffusiveEruptions
ExplosiveEruptions
VolcanoForecastingandPlanning
Volcanoes
VOCABULARY
volcano
hot spot
Oceanic
lithosphere
Asthenosphere
2. The water lowers the melting temperatures of
materials in the asthenosphere, leading to magma
formation.
Continental
lithosphere
3. The magma
is less dense
than its
surroundings,
so it rises.
Volcanoes
VOCABULARY
volcano
hot spot
Direction of
Plate
Movement
Oahu
Molokai
Lanai
Maui
Hawaii
VolcanicSettings
VOCABULARY
viscosity
lava
pahoehoe
aa
pillow lava
pyroclastic material
pyroclastic flow
Viscosity: Viscosityisa
measureofhowthick(viscous)
andstickyaliquidis.
LavaFlowA
'stream'ofmolten
rock
'aa'lavaflowjagged,
rubbly,broken
surface
'pahoehoe'lavaflow
smooth,ropysurface
LavaFlows
Magma
andand
Erupted
Magma
EruptedMaterials
Materials
Basaltic
Magma
AndesiticMagma
Rhyolitic
Magma
Silica Content
Least (~50%)
Intermediate (~60%)
Most (~70%)
Gas Content
Least
Intermediate
Most
Viscosity
Least viscous
Intermediate
Most viscous
Type of
Eruption
Rarely
explosive
Sometimes explosive
Usually
explosive
Melting Temp.
Highest
Intermediate
Lowest
Rifts, oceanic
hot spots
Subduction
boundaries
Continental
hot spots
Location
Volcanic Landforms
A volcanos shape and structure depend on how it erupts and
what materials are released. Shield volcanoes are formed by
basaltic lava that flows long distances before hardening.
Intrusions
Igneous__________classifiedby
shape,size,andorientation
Therearethreetypesofvolcanic
cones:
Cinde
______explosiveeruptions,smallbut
r
steepslopes,pyroclastics.
Shield
_______nonexplosiveeruptions,fluid
basalticlava,gentlebroadslopes.
Composit
_________alternatingbetweenlavaand
e
pyroclastics,explosiveandnonexplosive
eruptions,steepandtall.
Volcano Types
Volcanoes
Volcanic Landforms
VOCABULARY
shield volcano
cinder cone
composite volcano
lahar
caldera
lava plateau
ShieldandCompositeVolcanoes
Volcanoes
Volcanic Landforms
Cinder cones are formed when molten lava is thrown into the air from a
vent and breaks into drops. These drops harden into cinders that form a
steep cone around the vent.
Cinder Cone
Volcanoes
Volcanic Landforms
Composite
Volcano
Composite volcanoes
Volcanoes
Volcanic Landforms
EFFUSIVEERUPTIONS
Generallyathotsspots,spreadingcenters
Mantlycomesdirectlytosurface
Hotlava;lowviscosity,verymafic,flows
easily,gasesescapeeasily
Formsshields,floodbasalts
EXPLOSIVEERUPTIONS
Foundatsubductionzones
Magmalowtemp(800degreesC),high
viscosity,doesnotfloweasilty,morefelsic
mineralogy,gasestrapped,hardtopredict
explosions
Formscompositevolcanoes,cindercones,
calderas,aerialbombs,nueeardentegas
flows,verydestructive