NOUN

WHAT IS NOUN ?

A noun is a word used to name a

person, animal, place, thing, and
abstract idea. Nouns are usually the
first words which small children learn.

There are many different types of

nouns.

- Malaysia
- Yong Lai
- Kak Som
Cafe
- Levis
- Stadium
Cheras

- country
- boyfriend
- cafe
- jeans
- stadium

1. PROPER NOUNS

You always write a proper noun with

a capital letter, since the noun
represents the name of a specific
person, place, or thing. The names of
days of the week, months, historical
documents, institutions,
organisations, religions.
A proper noun is the opposite of a
common noun.

2. COMMON NOUNS

A common noun is a noun referring

to a person, place, or thing in a
general sense.
You should write it with a capital
letter only when it begins a sentence
or it is a part of a title.
The important thing to remember is
that common nouns are general
names.

3. COUNTABLE NOUNS

A countable noun (or count noun) is

a noun with both a singular and a
plural form, and it names anything
(or anyone) that you can count.
They usually refer to things. Most
countable nouns become plural by
adding an s at the end of the word.
Countable nouns are the opposite of
uncountable nouns.

Countable nouns are easy to

recognize.
For example: "pen". We can count
pens. We can have one, two, three or
more pens.
Here are some more countable
nouns:

- dog, cat, animal, man, person,

coin, note, dollar, cup, plate, fork,
table, chair, bag, etc.

4. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

A uncountable noun (or mass noun)

is a noun which does not have a
plural form, and which refers to
something that you could (or would)
not usually count.
A uncountable noun always takes a
singular verb in a sentence. Example
;
Water, rain, petrol, bread, meat, golf,
salt, etc.

5. CONCRETE NOUNS

A concrete noun is a noun which names

anything (or anyone) that you can
perceive through your physical senses:
touch, sight, taste, hearing, or smell.
A concrete noun is the opposite of a
abstract noun.
Examples are : flower, bear, music, pie,
incense, tornado, milk, team, lotion,
stars, Malaysian, water, colony, and car.

6. ABSTRACT NOUNS

An abstract noun is a noun which names

anything which you can not perceive
through your five physical senses, and is
the opposite of a concrete noun.
They refer to emotions, ideas, concepts,
beliefs, or your state of being.
Examples include: love, hate, democracy,
freedom, power, happiness, curiosity,
peace, maturity, trust, integrity, culture,
patience.

EXERCISES..
1)
a.
b.
c.

Circle the nouns in the following

sentence.
I have 3 I-phones.
The cows and goats eat the grass
together.
They asked us about the lost
reffrigerator.

2) Which one of the sentence below

use the uncountable nouns?
a. Thechildrenare playing in the
garden.
b. I don't likemilk.
c. Thewaitersin this restaurant are
very professional.
d. Driversmust be careful; the road is
slippery.

THE ANSWER IS.

3) Determine whether each noun is a

common noun or a proper noun.
a. march = _________
b. day
= _________
c. doctor = _________
d. Muhammad fahmi = _________

Pronouns

PRONOUNS?

A pronouns replaces a noun. It

never appears with noun it replaces.

You use pronouns like "he," "which,"

"none," and "you" to make your
sentencesless cumbersome and less
repetitive.

Type of Pronouns
Seven types.
personal pronouns
reflexive pronouns
emphatic pronouns / Intensive
pronouns
demonstrative pronouns
interrogative pronouns
relative pronouns
indefinite pronouns
reciprocal pronouns

The usage & examples

Pronouns

Usage

Examples

Personal
pronouns

As the subject of sentence.

Denote an entity of a
specific grammatical person :
~1st person (I, me, we)
~2nd person (you)
~3rd person (he, she, they)

1. I am bored!
2. They have lest
already.
3. It is so hot today.

As the object of a sentence.

1. Mrs. Dharma
scolded us.
2. Give them some
food.
3. Put it there.

To show that the subject and

the object are the same
(they usually appear after
the subject which can be a
noun or pronoun).

1. The old man

dragged himself
up the stairs.
2. Mr. Ng lives by
himself now.
3. The little girl is
playing by herself.

Reflexive
pronouns

Pronouns

Usage

Examples

Emphatic
pronouns

To emphasize the fact that

the action is carried out by
the subject (they appear
immediately after the
subject which can be a noun
or pronoun).

1. Mary herself saw the

accident.
2. You yourself should
obey traffic rules.
3. The dog itself killed the
cobra in our garden.

Demonstrati
ve pronouns

To point out persons and

things.

1.
2.
3.
4.

"This" and "these" refer to

things that are nearby either
in space or in time

This is my watch.
That is Marys hat.
These are their shoes.
Those are Joes books.

That" and "those" refer to

things that are farther away
in space or time.
Interrogative To ask questions.
pronouns

1. Who is in the kitchen?

2. Whose is this bag?
3. What is the time,
please?
4. Where is the postoffice?
5. When are you going
home?

Pronouns

Usage

Examples

Relative pronouns

To join sentences
together. They refer to
the noun in the first
sentence.

1. Mary is the girl who

helped me.
2. The bird that has a
broken wing is
hopping about.
3. Do you know the
lady who her car?

Indefinite pronouns

To refer to persons or
things without
naming them.

1. Nobody is absent
today.
2. Nothing could be
done the drawing
boy.
3. One must always
be truthful.

Reciprocal pronouns

To link the subjects of

two sentences
together.

1. Tom and Jane love

each other dearly.
2. People should
always help one
another.
3. The three boys get
along well with one
another.

Some Exercise~^.^
1.

(?) are Jasons football boots, arent they

here?
a. Thisb. That c. These d. Those

c. These
2. Mr. Lim is very punctual. (?) is never
late for a meeting.
a. Itb. He c. Him d. She
b. He

3. Shiela told (?) that her brother had met

with an accident earlier that day.
a. She b. I c. we d. me
d. me
4. Helena has told us to keep free this
Saturday. She wants us to attend her
birthday party.
a. us b. herself c. ourself d. ourselves
d. ourselves

5. (?) is that handsome young man over

there?
a. Who b. Whomc. Whose d. Which
a.

Who

6. A: Where are the children?

B: (?) have gone home already.
a. We b. You c. They d. Myself
c. They

7. Is anyone absent today? No, (?) is

present. They are all here.
a. someone b. nobody
c. everyone d. anyone
c. Everyone
8. My siblings and I are very close. We
get on vey well with (?).
a. each otherb. one another
c. ourselves d. them
b. one another

9. (?) that glitters is not gold.

a. All b. Any c. Some d. Whichever
a.

All

10. Rita is much taller than (?).

a. we b. she c. me
d. I am
d. I am

Refference

Y. June & N.V. Pillay. (2006) Grammar

Drill Book 3.

Adjectives

Definition

Words that describe or modify

another things or person (noun)
E.g.: tall professor, solid
commitment, 6-year-old child, a
months pay, fish-shaped balloon etc

If there is a subject + verb =

Adjectives Clause
E.g.: My brother, who is much elder
than me, is a doctor.
If adjectives clause stripped off its
subject and verb = Adjectives Phrase
E.g.: My sister who is elder than me,
is a doctor.

Position of Adjectives

If indefinite pronouns, such as

something, someone, anybody
are modified by an adjective, the
adjective comes after the pronoun.
E.g.: Anyone capable of doing
something horrible to someone
nice should be punished.

There are certain adjectives that are

always postpositive when combine with
certain words (comes after the noun
they modify)
E.g.: Tell me something interesting.
According to Wikipedia Online, stated
that adjectives can be divided into 4
forms:
That's aninterestingidea. (attributive)
That idea isinteresting. (predicative)
Tell me somethinginteresting. (postpositive)
Thegood, thebad, and theugly. (substantive)

Degrees of Adjectives

Adjectives can express degrees of

modification.
The degree of comparison are known
as the positive, the comparative and
the superlative.
Positive

Comparative

Superlative

rich

richer

richest

lovely

lovelier

loveliest

beautiful

more beautiful

most beautiful

Noted that the word than are

frequently accompanied by the
comparative: while the word the,
precedes the superlative.
E.g.: He is richer than me.
E.g.: She is the richest.
The inflected suffixes -er form
comparative while -est form
superlative.
Use more (comparative) and most
(superlative) when an adjective has
more than one syllable.

However, there are irregular

comparative and superlative forms
too.Positive
Comparative Superlative
good

better

best

bad

worse

worst

little

less

least

much/many/
some
far

more

most

further

furthest

Be careful not to use more along

with -er and most with -est.
E.g.: more heavier (wrong!)
most heaviest (wrong!)
Use as-as to create comparison:
He is as clever as his father.

Order of Adjectives in a series

brown little house? little brown

house?
8 categories of orders:
Determiners
Observation
Size & Shape
Age
Color
Origin
Material
Qualifier

DO Sunnie
Answer
Correctly O
My Questions?

Quiz
1. Those are probably the ____
curtains in the market.
a. fancyest
b. fanciest
c. most fanciest

2. Uncle Ken is really ____ man.

a. an old sweet
b. a sweet, old
c. a sweet old

3. The Lamborghini used to be ____ sports

car.
a. a fine Italy
b. a Italy, fine
c. a fine, Italy

4. Takeshi wanted to take a course with ___

professor.
a. that interesting new Japanese economics
b. that Japanese interesting, new economics
c. that interesting, new, Japanese, economics

Reference

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/gra
mmar/adjectives.htm