Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FIBRES
Submitted to,
DR. R.V Prasad
Prof. & Head
Dept. of Veterinary Anatomy &
Histology.
Presented by,
Divya. Nutan
MVHK-1329
INTRODUCTION
If the axon is
severed at a distance from the
cell body, then the cell body is
lost,
but there is a chance that the
axon
will regenerate, primarily in PNS
The postsynaptic,
and the presynaptic, neurons are
also affected and may degenerate
Cont....
Microglia (resting) and
macrophages (active) cells of
immune system, similar to
monocytes.
b. Schwann cells
(PNS)
2.
Astrocytes
neurofilaments
Vesicles Synaptic
accumulate
NORMAL
Cont.
The macrophages, accompanied by Schwann
cells, serve to clear the debris from the
degeneration.
The nerve fiber's neurolemma does not
degenerate and remains as a hollow tube.
Within 4 days of the injury, the distal end of the
portion of the nerve fiber proximal to the lesion
sends out sprouts towards those tubes and these
sprouts are attracted by growth factors produced
by Schwann cells in the tubes.
Cont
Cont.
This regeneration is much slower in
thespinal cordthan in PNS. The
crucial difference is that in the CNS,
including in the spinal cord, myelin
sheaths are produced by
oligodendrocytes and not by
Schwann cells.
Regenerating axons
form many sprouts,
some of which find
Schwann cell tubes
Cont.
Axons
sprout, and
some
sprouts enter
new
Schwann
cell tubes.
Axonal
growth
cones
successfully
grow.
1.
substances like
inhibitory proteoglycans
2. Intracellular growth factors such as GAP-43
(important for intracellular signalling/growth
cone advance) are low
Cont
3. Growth factors have different distributions compared to young
brain.
4. Normally growth-supporting extracellular matrix laminin ,is
sparse.
5. Glial cells inhibit growth of axons.Oligodendrocytes are the
most inhibitory.
Descriptive tests
based on microscopy.
Functional tests,
including behavioral
assays.
Therapeutic Strategies:
1. Transplant/ implant : into or near site of
injury
- fetal tissue (containing immature neurons and glia)
or stem cells, with potential of becoming either
- good glia: olfactory ensheathing glia.
2. Direct delivery of growth factors to promote
axon regrowth .
3. Application of neutralizing activity (e.g.,
antibodies ) to combat inhibitory glia.
OEC
+myelin
antibody