Alternative energy sources

Antimatter
Positive sides:
- very efficient in ratio to its
mass
- usage of the Penning trap
which preserves the
particles
- no chemical pollution
- antimatter mines in space?
particle the smallest
possible object in
physics - czstka
vestigial so rare that
its amount may only
show you that it exists
- ladowy

thrust the
source of velocity
- napd
feasible task
possible to complete
moliwy,
wykonalny

Negative sides:
- expensive
- dangerous
- rare in the nature
- difficult to produce
- the necessity to introduce
massive protective
shields

The nuclear fusion

Methods:
- thermonuclear fusion: extremely high temperatures
- inertial confinement fusion: beams of highly energetic
laser light, electrons and ions
- inertial electrostatic confinement: electric field
- magnetic confinement fusion: magnetic field
- beam-beam and beam-target fusion: nuclei acceleration
- muon-catalyzed fusion: muon instead of an electron
- pyroelectric fusion: pyroelectric crystals, electric field,
deuterium ions, a metal hydride
- antimatter-initialized fusion: energy released by anihilation
of small amount of antiprotons and usual nuclei
- hybrid nuclear fusion-fission: energy from the nuclear
fission

fission transformation into

smaller parts - rozpad
reactant material that takes
part int the reaction - substrat
beam high energetic signal sent
into some point - wizka
overcome pass some difficulty przezwyciy
confinement box which does not
allow its contents to escape
zamknicie, ograniczenie

Hydrogen combustion
- How to obtain it?
- production from fossil fuels
- rather an energy carrier than a source
- useful as a fuel for rockets
- not CO2 as a product
- possibility of explosion
- a light material
- very abundant in nature hard to be exhausted
- costs connected with transport, containing and distribution
sustainable renewable - odnawialny
- gas or fluid form

abundant very common, rich powszechny,

obfity
fossil fuels this ones
obtain, yield produce uzyska,
mined from the ground paliwa kopalne
wytworzy

Fuel cells
- electricity produced
directly
- H2 on the anode,
O2 on the cathode
- proton exchange
membrane
- hydrogen under high pressure
- no moving parts smaller chance of defects
cell device which transform the
(than for example engines)
circuit a wire with electric
elements presenting at least one
cycle - obwd

chemical energy contained in some

substances into electricity - ogniwo

Biomass
- wood as the oldest source of energy
- useful plants: corn, soybean, some species of willow,
switchgrass, rapeseed, wheat, sugar beet, sugarcane,
oil palm, miscanthus, sorgum, cassava, jatropha and hemp
incineration refuse combustion
- incineration plants
spalanie mieci
- CO2 emission