ERIKSONS STAGES OF

DEVELOPMENT - CONCEPT
CHECK

Generativity vs. self-absorption/stagnation

Middle adulthood (ages 40 to 65)

_________ refers to contributing to the welfare of a new

generation at work, home or in the community
Determining what to leave behind for future generations
or failing to grasp a sense of meaning in life
Trust vs. mistrust
Birth to 1 year

Treatment by caregivers creates trust in a good world

Intimacy vs. isolation
Young adulthood (ages 20 to 40)

Forming deep/intimate relationships with others or

becoming socially isolated

ERIKSONS STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT
Industry vs. inferiority
6 to 11 years
Child either feels competent working with others or
second-rate
Identity vs. role confusion
Adolescence
Adolescent either grasps sense of who they are or
becomes confused about possible future roles as
adult
Initiative vs. guilt
3 to 6 years
Child either develops own purpose/direction or is
made to feel guilty by overly controlling caregivers

ERIKSONS STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT
Integrity vs. despair
Late adulthood (ages 65 and up)
Feeling that life was worthwhile or feeling
hopelessness about ones life and fearing
death
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
1 to 2 years
Child is allowed to make independent
decisions or is made to feel ashamed/full of
doubt about own decisions

ADOLESCENCE
The transition period from childhood
to adulthood
Extending from puberty to
independence
What qualifies as independence?

Puberty
the period of sexual maturation
when a person becomes capable of
reproduction

PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF
ADOLESCENCE
Primary Sex Characteristics

body structures that make sexual reproduction

possible
ovaries--female
testes--male
external genitalia

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Non-reproductive sexual characteristics

female--breast and hips
male--voice quality and body hair

Menarche (meh-NAR-key)
first menstrual period

PHYSICAL CHANGES AS YOU

AGE
Menopause
the time of natural cessation of menstruation
also refers to the biological changes a woman
experiences as her ability to reproduce declines

Internal Changes:
Brain becomes smaller and lighter
Pulls away from skull, increasing effects of injury
Decrease in number of neurons
Reduction in blood flow
Circulation decreases
25% less blood flow compared to age 20
Caused by hardening and shrinking of blood
vessels

 Menopause

the time of
natural
cessation of
menstruation
also refers to
the biological
changes a
woman
experiences
as her ability
to reproduce
declines

COGNITION IN ADULTHOOD
Crystallized Intelligence

ones accumulated knowledge and verbal

skills
tends to increase with age

Fluid Intelligence

ones ability to reason speedily and

abstractly
tends to decrease from 20s and 30s up to
75 (then rapidly declines)

LOSSES AND
GAINS

We lose recall memory and processing speed

BUT we gain vocabulary knowledge
Decisions are less prone to distortion/influence
by anxiety, anger and depression
Increased social reasoning (taking multiple
perspectives and appreciating knowledge
limits)

ALZHEIMERS DISEASE IS
a progressive and irreversible brain
disorder
characterized by a gradual deterioration
of memory, reasoning, language, and
finally, physical functioning

Is this simply a part of aging?

GRIEF: KBLER-ROSS STAGES OF

ACCEPTANCES
Kubler-Ross (1969) studied the feelings of relatives
after someone close had died as well as observing
those who had been told they are dying.
She found that we all go through the same set of
emotions over a period of many months:
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance

EVALUATION OF KUBLERROSS
People dont go through identical predictable
stages , eg . Denial before anger
However, one study did show that yearning for a loved
one peaked at four months after the loss and anger
peaking about a month later

Applies only to those aware of pending death

Not very useful in cases with ambiguous prognosis
May be too restrictive
Role of anxiety
Role of chronic severe pain

DEPRIVATION OF
ATTACHMENT
Look at the monkey, look at the
orphans, look at the impact that
lack of attachment brings:
Lower intelligence scores
Double the rate of 20% rate of anxiety
symptoms found in children assigned to
quality foster care
The Harlows monkeys had life long
scars and did not display healthy
behaviours (cowering, aggression,
inability to mate, infanticide)
While most abused children do not
become violent criminals or abusive
themselves, there are footprints