Causes of Revolts:

o Our

love for freedom and

independence
o Abuses of Spanish
encomenderos
o Tribute (residence tax)
o Forced labor (polo)
o Land grabbing by the friars
o Basi (wine) Monopoly
o Religion

The first Filipino uprising against Spain was the

revolt of Lakan Dula and Raha Sulayman, last
native kings of Maynilad and Tundok (Tondo). They
had made a pact of peace and friendship with
Adelantado Legazpi, who promised that Spain would
recognize their patrimonial lands and treat their
people fairly well.
Both Lakan Dula and Sulayman kept their word to
remain loyal to Spain, although they lost their
kingdoms. When the people of Pampanga invited
them in June 1571 to fight the Spaniards at
Bankusay channel off Tondos shore, they refused to
help them because they did not want to violate the
peace pact which they had concluded with Legazpi.

Legazpi kept his promise to both Lakan Dula and

Raha Sulayman. However, after his death on
August 20, 1572, his successor, Governor Guido
de Levazaris, confiscated their patrimonial land
properties and allowed the Spanish
encomenderos to abuse and oppress their people.
Resenting Lavezaris reversal of Legazpis policy,
Lakan Dula and Sulayman decided to rise in arms.
Taking advantage of Lim-Ah-Hongs attack on
Manila, the two rahas proclaimed their revolt and
gathered their warriors at Navotas. Although
Master-of-Camp Juan de Salcedo (grandson of
Legazpi) repulsed Lim-Ah-Hongs attack on
Manila, the Chinese peril still existed because the
Chinese pirate leader proceeded to Pangasinan
where he established his kingdom.

Governor Lavesaris, realizing that he

could not drive away Lim-Ah-Hong without
the help of the Filipinos, sent Salcedo and
Father Geronimo Marin to war camp of
Lakan Dula and Sulayman ta Navotas to
persuade them to lay down their arms and
to promise that all grievance would be
remedied and those who took up arms
would be pardoned. The two rahas
mollified and stopped their projecting
uprising. Happily, Lavezaris kept his word
so that peace and friendship were stored.
Lakan Dula and Sulayman, with their
relatives and warriors, joined Spanish
expedition to Lingayen Gulf and drove the
Chinese invaders led by Lim-Ah-Hong.

Dagohoys Revolt
(1744-1829)
This

revolt in Bohol was the longest

revolt in the Philippine history.
It lasted for 85 years from 1744 to 1829.
Dagohoys brother, a policeman in
Inabangan, was killed in a duel with a
rebel.
The Catholic priest refused to give him a
Christian burial because dueling was a
mortal sin.

In 1827, Governor Manuel Ricafort

ordered 2,200 Filipino-Spanish troops to
attack the Bohol patriots.
About 19,000 survivors were pardoned
by the Spanish governor and allowed to
live in new villages.
These villages became the towns of
Batuan, Bililihan, Cabulao, Catigoian, and
Vilar.

Silangs Revolt (1762-63)

Diego Silang and his wife Gabriela led a

famous revolt in Ilocos in 1762-63.
It started on December 14, 1762.
Diego Silang proclaimed the independence
of his people and made Vigan the capital of
Free Ilocos.
Diego Silang was killed by an assassin on
May 28, 1763.
The Spaniards paid his friend, Miguel Vicos,
to shoot him in the back.
Gabriela Silang was called Joan of Arc of the
Ilocos.
She was executed at Vigan on September
10, 1763.

The Ilocos Rebellion of 1762-2763 was

the most serious of the revolts during the
British occupation under Diego Silang.
Diego Baltazar Silang
one of the greatest heroes of Ilocandia. A
man of remarkable ability and
intelligence.

October 5, 1762- after the capture of

Manila by British arms, Diego
requested the Spanish authorities of
Vigan to abolish the hated tribute and
to organize the Ilocos troops to fight
the British , since the Spain could no
longer defend the colony.
Don Antonio Zabala- the AlcaldeMayor, considered him an agitator and
imprisoned him, because of his
request. But his friends and followers
worked successfully for his early
release.

December 14, 1762- Silang roused his

people to action and upon Spanish
refusal of his demands, silangs
unfurled his flag of rebellion with the
support of the patriotic Ilocanos.
Silang proved to be an able military
leader, he successfully defended
Vigan from Spanish reprisals and
virtually became the uncrowned king
of ilocandia.

First Pampanga Revolt (1585)

The

abuses of the Spanish encomenderos (--holders of encomienda) started the first revolt
in Pampanga in 1585.
Some brave Pampangeuo leaders plotted
with the people in Manila to enter Intramuros
and kill the Spanish officials there.
The plot did not succeed.

Revolt Against the Tribute (1589)

One

of the earliest revolts against the

tribute (residence tax) started in Cagayan
and Ilocos in 1589.
The Filipinos here revolted because of the
tribute collectors.
Santiago
de Vera, Spanish governor,
pacified the rebel patriots. He pardoned
many of them and improved the tax
system.

Sumuroys Revolt (1649-50)

Sumuroy,

a native of Palapag, Samar, led

them in an armed revolt.
On the night of June 1, 1649 he and his men
killed their parish priest.
In those days, the Spanish priest was really
like the government.
Sumuroy and his men, the rebels in this areas
hated the system of polo (forced labor).
Sumuroy
and his men set up a free
government in the mountains of Samar.

Agrarian Revolt (1745-46)

Filipino

landowners in the four provinces of

Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, and Laguna
revolted.
The first spark of the revolt was at Lian and
Nasugbu in Batangas.
King Philip IV ordered the Spanish priests to
return the stolen land to the Filipinos.
American authorities bought the friar lands
owned by religious orders.

September 1745- when the first

sparks that ignited the agrarian
uprisings appeared in the Jesuits
estates of Lian and Nasugbu in
Batangas province.
Matienza- under his leadership the
people burned and plundered the
Jesuit convents, devastated the
ranches, and committed other acts of
violence.

The agrarian conflicts reached the ear of

King Philip VI who appointed Oidor Pedro
Calderon Enriquez to investigate the
charges brought against the religious
orders and to ascertain the validity of
their titles to the lands in question.
Professor C.H. Cunningham said that,
The friars, ordered to submit their titles
to a secular judge and refused to comply,
claiming ecclesiastical exemption.

The Basi Revolt (1807)

This revolt was all about the love for

homemade wine from sugarcane called
basi.
Spanish banned people from making
homemade wine.
On September 16, 1807 the Ilocanos of
Piddig, Ilocos Norte, rose in armed revolt.

The Religious Revolt of Hermano Pule

This

was a revolt for religious freedom in

the Tagalog provinces in 1840-41.
It was led
by Apolinario de la Cruz,
popularly known as Hermano Pule.
Confradia de San Jose (Confraternity of St.
Joseph), religion started by Apolinario.
They made their last stand at the Alinao, near
Mt. Cristobal, in October 1841.

Hermano Pule was executed in Tayabas on

November 4, 1841.
On January 20, 1843, the Tayabas regiment
at Malate rose in mutiny.
They were led by Sergeant Irineo
Samaniego.

The early decades of the 19th century saw the rising tempo
of the feeling of distrust and antagonism between two
classes of Spanish residents in the Philippines.
-peninsulares
-creoles/ insulares
The enmity between peninsulares and creoles began in
the 18th century when the creoles class emerged as a
distinct social class because their number continue to
increase.
The peninsular Spaniards who happened to be born in
Spain, looked down on the creoles as if the latter were
inferior being.

The bitter feeling between the peninsulares and creoles

was aggravated by the successful revolutions for
independence in the Spanish colonies in Latin America
from 1808 to 1826. These revolutions which were truly
War of Independence, were led by patriotic creole
leaders such as Father Miguel Hidalgo, Father Jose
Maria and Agustin Inturbide.

Evidently inspired by the splendid achievements of the creole

liberators, particularly in Mexico and influenced by the liberal
ideals of the French Revolution, the three Bayot BrothersManuel,Jose and Joaquin-who were the creole captainss of
the Kings Regiment ad sons of colonel Francisco Bayot,
conspired with other other creole officers of the Battalion Real
Principe to rise in arms at dawn of April 17, 1822.

The objectives of the uprising were:

to overthrow the government which was dominated by the
peninsulares.
to proclaim the independence of the Philippines under a
government

Outcome
A few days before April 17, the plan of the Bayot
conspiracy leaked out.
The conspiracy of the Bayot brothers was thus aborted,
and they were imprisoned after a trial.

The separation of Mexico from Spain in 1821 had its

repercussions in the Philippines. The old Philippine Mexican
ties were cut off. Beginning in 1821, the Spanish monarch ruled
the Philippines directly from Spain.
The new governor, Juan Antonio Martinez, a field marshal of the
Spanish army, arrived in Manila from Madrid and assumed the
gubernatorial office.
To protect their own interests, the Mexican and creole army
officers held many several secret meetings to discuss their
deplorable situation.

News of their meetings reached the ears of Governor Martinez

who, after consultation with the government spies, found out
that the ring leader of the discontented military officers was
Captain Andres Novales, who was either a Mexican or a creole.
On June 1,1823 by 11p.m., the mutiny erupted. Squads of
Novales men led by their sergeants raided the homes of the
Spanish civil and military officials, taking them prisoner.
Novales himself led his main forces toward Fort Santiago
.Owing to the impregnable defenses of Fort Santiago, Novales
turned back his forces and seized the Cabildo, the Governors
palace and the Manila Cathedral.

The victorious mutineers proclaimed their leader as

Emperor of the Philippines
Furious fighting raged the streets until Novales troops
were crushed in the morning of June 2nd.
The ill-starred Captain Novales was captured alive.
After a hurried court martial, he was found guilty of
treason and sedition.
At five oclock in the afternoon of June 2 1823, he and
his brave comrade-at-arms Sergeant Mateo, were shot
to death in Luneta

Thus ended the tragic story of Captain Novales, who

valiantly fought against racial discrimination in the
armed forces and died after a turbulent reign as
emperor for a few hours.
As an aftermath of Novales Mutiny, many liberal-minded
and prominent Manileno creoles, who were involved in it
were arrested and exiled to Spain.