2.

75 G EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM

Evolution)
Third Generation Technology (3G)

2.75 G EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM

Evolution)
EDGE was deployed on GSM networks beginning in
2003 initially by Cingular (now AT&T) in USA.
Data rate 384Kbps.
Frequency- 850-1900 MHz
EDGE is four times as efficient as GPRS.
EDGE delivers higher bitrates per radio channel,
resulting in increase in capacity and performance
compared with an ordinary GSM/GPRS connection.
It consist a new form of modulation (8 PSK) and
different ways of encoding data to protect against
errors.
Cell phones using 2.75G have reasonable Internet
browsing capabilities.

Contd
EDGE is radio technology and is a part of third
generation technologies.
EDGE technology is preferred over GSM due to its
flexibility to carry packet switch data and circuit
switch data.
It allows the clear and fast transmission of data and
information.
The biggest advantage of EDGE technology is that it
does not need to install any additional hardware and
software in order to make use of EDGE Technology.
There are no additional charges for exploiting this
technology.

2.75G EDGE Architecture

SGSN (Serving GPRS Support

Node)

The SGSN or Serving GPRS Support Node element

of the GPRS network provides a number of takes
focussed on the IP elements of the overall system.
It provides a variety of services to the mobiles:
Packet routing and transfer
Mobility management
Authentication
Attach/detach
Logical link management
Charging data

GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support

Node)
Gateway GPRS Support Node is one of the most important

entities within the GSM EDGE network architecture.

The GGSN organises the inter-working between the GPRS /
EDGE network and external packet switched networks to
which the mobiles may be connected.
The GGSN can be considered to be a combination of a
gateway, router and firewall as it hides the internal
network to the outside.
In operation, when the GGSN receives data addressed to a
specific user, it checks if the user is active, then
forwarding the data.
In the opposite direction, packet data from the mobile is
routed to the right destination network by the GGSN.

PCU (Packet Control Unit)

The PCU or Packet Control Unit is a hardware
router that is added to the BSC.
It differentiates data destined for the standard
GSM network (circuit switched data) and data
destined for the EDGE network (Packet Switched
Data).
The PCU itself may be a separate physical entity,
or more often these days it is incorporated into
the base station controller, BSC, thereby saving
additional hardware costs.

Third Generation Technology

(3G)

The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched

byNTT DoCoMoin Japan on 1998, branded asFOMA.
The first commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT
DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001
It is based on the International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) family of standards under the International
Mobile Telecommunications programme, IMT-2000.
Services include wide area wireless voice telephony,
video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile
environment.
It also include High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) data
transmission capabilities able to deliver speeds up to
14.4Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8Mbit/s on the uplink.

Contd
Frequency- 1.6-2.5GHz
Data Capacity- 384Kbps
3G technologies make use of value added
services like mobile television, GPS (global
positioning system) and video conferencing.
The basic feature of 3G Technology is fast data
transfer rates.
3G technologies as W-CDMA,GSM EDGE, UMTS,
DECT, WiMax and CDMA 2000.
Example of 3G is the UMTS (Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System).

Evolution to 3G

UMTS Architecture

UTRAN (Terrestrial Radio Access

Network)

Two Distinct Elements :

Base Stations (Node B)
Radio Network Controllers (RNC)

1 RNC and 1+ Node Bs are group together

to
form a Radio Network Sub-system (RNS)

Handles all Radio-Related Functionality

Soft Handover
Radio Resources Management
Algorithms

Maximization of the commonalities of the

PS and CS data handling

Core Network
Core Network, Release 99

CS Domain :
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
Switching CS transactions

Visitor Location Register (VLR)

Holds a copy of the visiting users
service profile
and the precise info of the UEs location

Gateway MSC (GMSC)

The switch that connects to external
networks

PS Domain :

Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)

Similar function as MSC/VLR

Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

Similar function as GMSC

Register :

Home Location Register (HLR)

Stores master copies of
users service profiles
Stores UE location on the
level of MSC/VLR/SGSN