SISTEMA NERVOSUM

SISTEM NERVOSUM
Otak terdiri atas : neuron : 1011
synaps : 1015
Berat rata-rata otak 1.400 gr / 2 %
berat badan manusia
Homo sapiens (manusia pemikir)
Memory

S ------------------ R
Organisme

SISTEM SARAF
NEURON : 100
MILYAR
NEUROGLIA : 10X
NEURON

SUSUNAN
SARAF
PUSAT
(SSP)

SUSUNAN
SARAF
TEPI
(SST)

SUSUNAN SARAF
OTONOM (SSO)
(unconscious)
SIMPATIS
PARASIMPATIS
Menuju
otot polos, otot
jantung &
kelenjar
(SSO, mempunyai komponen cranial di

OTAK
(Encephalon)
dalam cavum
cranii
MEDULLA
SPINALIS dalam
Collumna
Vertebralis
NERVUS
CRANIALIS
(N I N XII) (dari
otak)
NERVUS SPINALIS
(31 pasang)
(dari medulla
spinalis
SUSUNAN SARAF
SOMATIK
(conscious)
ke otot skelet

SUSUNAN SARAF PUSAT

Motor Cortex: involved in

conscious thought and controls
the voluntary movement of body
parts

Somatosensory cortex:
receives and processes
sensory signals from the
body

Visual cortex: receives

and processes signals
from the retinas of the
eyes

FUNGSI SN:
INFORMASI & KOMUNIKASI
1. MONITORS

(nyeri, suhu, raba, tekanan, suara, cahaya, bau)

SOMATOSENSORY
SSP

SOMATORECEPTOR

SENSORY

EXTERNAL

LINGKUNGAN

VISCEROSENSORY VISCERORECEPTOR
Tegangan, Tek.drh, kimia darah
(hormon, glukosa, CO2, ion/elektrolit)
2. KOORDINASI (interneuron in CNS)

INTERNAL

RESPON YANG TEPAT

(PROSES, INTEGRASI)
SOMATOMOTORIK
3. INSTRUKSI *: SSP

SOMATOEFFECTOR

MOTORIK

(Skeletal muscles)

VISCEROMOTORIK VISCEROEFFECTOR
(Organ muscles: smooth m.,
* (1).Conscious (2). Unconscious
cardiac m., vasa, glandular cell)

Figure 26.11 The human brain

26-12

Three main
components of
the brain:
1.

Cerebrum

2.

Cerebellum

3.

Brain stem

(Truncus cerebri)

Susunan Saraf
Pusat

SUSUNAN SARAF PUSAT

Cerebru
m
Encephalo
n

Cerebellu
m

Medulla
Spinalis

Batang
otak

P
O

PROTEKSI
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Cranium
Meninges
Liquor cerebrospinalis (LCS)
Blood Brain Barrier
Circulus arteriosus Willisi

PROTECTION OF THE BRAIN

1
2

1. Cranium (skull)
2. Meninges:
(1). Duramater
(2). Arachnoidea mater
(3). Pia mater
Subarachnoid space
(contains: CSF)

2
1

1. FALK CEREBRI bagian duramater yang terdapat / membatasi kedua belahan

hemisphere cerebri kiri dan kanan .
2. TENTORIUM CEREBELLI bagian duramater yang terdapat / membatasi antara
cerebrum dan cerebellum .
3. FALK CEREBELLI bagian duramater yang terdapat / membatasi kedua belahan
hemisphere cerebellum kiri dan kanan .

SINUS DURAMATRIS
Tunggal
1. Sinus Sagittalis
Superior
2. Sinus Sagittalis
Inferior
3. Sinus Rectus
4. Sinus Occipital

SINUS
DURAMATRIS
Berpasangan
1. Sinus
Transversus
2. Sinus
Cavernosus
3. Sinus
Sigmoideus

4. Sinus Petrosus
Sup
5. Sinus Petrosus
Inf
6. Sinus
Sphenoiparieta
lis

Liquor
cerebro
spinalis
(LCS)

BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (BBB)

(barrier for toxin/chemical hazard to the brain)

BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
(BBB)
(barrier for toxin/chemical
hazards to the brain)

CIRCULUS ARTERIOSUS WILLISI

(arterial circle of Willis)

Cerebrum
1.Lobus
Frontalis

3.Lobus
Temporalis

2.Lobus
Parietalis

5.Lobus
Limbicus

4.Lobus
Occipitalis

6.Lobus
Insularis

cerebrum

Substansia
Grisea

- Abu-abu
-Badan Sel

Substansia
Alba

- Putih
- Serabut
Saraf

CORPUS CALLOSUM
DIENCEPHALON

Serabutserabut di
hemispheri
um cerebri :
1. Serabut
Asosiasi
2. Serabut
Proyeksi
3. Serabut
komisura
l

Fibers of Cerebral White Matter (coronal section)

1. Corpus callosum
2. Internal capsule
3. Superior occipitofrontal
fasciculus
4. Superior longitudinal
fasciculus
5. Inferior occipitofrontal
fasciculus
6. Cingulum
7. Uncinate fasciculus
8. Inferior longitudinal
fasciculus

SYMPATHETIC NS
(Centers:

AUTONOMI
C NS

PARASYMPATHETIC
NS

RIGHT & LEFT BRAIN

(LATERALIZATION/
DOMINANCE)
Right Brain:
Emotional/art brain
Left Brain:
Rational/mathematic brain
Language dominance
(+/- 90% of pop.
Right handed persons: 95%)

LEFT & RIGHT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES (CHs)

Motoric

* Injury of the left CH produces sensory and

motor deficits on the right side, and vice
versa)

Sensory
R

* One CH has a slightly more developed, or

dominant, area in which written and spoken
language is organized.
Over 95% of right handed people and even
the majority of left handed people have
dominance for speech language in the left
CH
(Left CH injury, e.g. stroke, will be more likely
to produce aphasia and other language
deficits
receptors
effectors
effectors