Transformations

Math 8

Four Types
Translation (Slide)
Rotation (turn)
Reflection (flip)
Dilation (shrinking/stretching)

Examples:

When working with

transformations it is helpful to
remember the coordinate system
Quadrant 1 (+x, +y)
Quadrant 2 (-x, +y)
Quadrant 3 (-x, -y)
Quadrant 4 (+x, -y)

Examples:

Reflections-(Flip)
When you reflect a shape in the
coordinate plane, you reflect it over a
line. This line is called the line of
reflection/symmetry.
When a figure is reflected on a
coordinate plane, every point of the
figure must have a corresponding point
on the other side.

Most reflections are over the x-axis

(horizontal), the y-axis (vertical), or the
line y = x (diagonal uphill from left to
right.)

Reflections
When you reflect a shape over the x axis,
use the same coordinates and multiply the y
coordinate by 1. (x, opposite y)
When you reflect a shape over the y-axis, use
the same coordinates and multiply the x
coordinate by 1. (opposite x, y)
When you reflect a shape over the line y=x,
use the same coordinates and multiply both
by 1.

Examples:
1. Reflect the triangle over the x-axis
and y axis.

Examples:

Examples:

Translations (Slides/Glide)
To translate a figure in
the direction describe
by an ordered pair, add
the ordered pair to the
coordinates of each
vertex of the figure.
The new set of ordered
pairs is called the
image. It is shown by
writing A. This is read
the image of point A.

Examples
Find the coordinates of the vertices of each
figure after the translation described. Use the
graph to help you.

Examples:
Find the coordinates of the vertices of
each figure after the translation
described.

Rotations (Turns)
turn = 90 degrees rotation
turn = 180 degrees rotation
turn = 270 degrees rotation
full turn = 360 degrees rotation

Example:
Example:

In the coordinate plane we have 4 quadrants. If

the shape is rotated around (0,0) then:
90 degrees rotation moves 1 quadrant

Rotating 90 clockwise. (x, y)

(y, opposite x)
same as 270 counterclockwise.
Rotating 90 counterclockwise is the
same as 270 clockwise.(x,y)(opposite y,x)

180 degrees rotation moves 2 quadrants

Multiply both by 1.
(x, y,)
(opposite x, opposite y)

270 degrees rotation moves 3 quadrants

Rotating 270 counterclockwise is the same as 90 clockwise

(x, y)
(y, opposite x)

360 degrees rotation moves 4 quadrants

(stays the same)

Examples:
If a triangle is in
Quadrant 2 and is
rotated 270
counterclockwise, what
quadrant is it now in?
If a triangle is in
Quadrant 4 and is
rotated 90 clockwise,
what quadrant is it
now in?

Symmetry
Two Types:
1. Line Symmetry (can
be called reflectional
symmetry) if you
can fold a shape and
have the edges meet
The place where you
fold is called the line
of symmetry

More Line Symmetry

InkBlots

Does the Human Face

Possess Line Symmetry?

Answer: No

Girl

Carpets

Examples:
Do the following shapes have line
symmetry? If so, how many lines of
symmetry do they have?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Rotational Symmetry
2. Rotational Symmetry: If you can turn
the shape less than 360o and still have
the same shape.
Order

of Rotational Symmetry: Is the

number of rotations that must be made to
return to the original orientation
Minimum Rotational Symmetry: The
smallest number of degrees a shape can
be rotated and fit exactly on itself
Hint:

Take 360o divided by the number of

sides/points.

Examples:

Examples:
Does the following shape have rotational
symmetry? If yes, what is the order and
MRS?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.