BODY FLUIDS

A PRESENTATION BY GEORGE KASONDA

MMED PAEDIATRIC STUDENT

Homeostasis
Maintenance of relatively stable
internal environment.

Roles of Water

FACTORS AFFECTING
Total Body Water
varies depending on body fat:

infant: 73%
male adult: 60%
female adult: 40-50%
effects of obesity
Old age 45%

COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS

COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS

CATIONS (mmol/l)

Plasma

Interstitial

Intracellular

Na

142

139

14

4.2

4.0

140

Ca

1.3

1.2

Mg

0.8

0.7

20

Cl

108

108

4.0

HCO3

24.0

28.3

10

Protein

1.2

0.2

4.0

HPO4

2.0

2.0

11

ANIONS (mmol/l)

IMPORTANCE: Why maintenance ?

Maintaining ECF volume is critical to
maintaining blood pressure
ECF osmolarity is of primary importance
in long-term regulation of ECF volume
ECF osmolarity maintained mainly by NaCl
balance:
intake: 10.5g/d

output: 10g/d in urine

FLUID COMPARTMENTS

EXTRA CELLUAR
FLUID

PLASMA

INTRA CELLULAR
FLUID

INTERSTITIAL
FLUID
CSF
Intra ocular
Pleural
Peritoneal
Synovial
Digestive Secretions

TRANSCELLULAR
FLUID

VOLUME OF BODY FLUIDS IN 70 kg MAN

TOTAL VOLUME
42 L
INTRA CELLUAR FLUID
28 L(ROUGHLY 2/3 OF TBW)
EXTRA CELLULAR FLUID
14 L(ROUGHLY 1/3 OF TBW)
PLASMA
4 L (ROUGHLY OF ECF)

Total Body Water

ECF

ECF

Blood
ICF

Interstitial

Interstitial

ICF

BLOOD
ICF

TOTAL BODY WATER(TBW)

60% OF THE BODY WEIGHT IN
ADULT MALE
50% OF THE BODY WEITH IN ADULT
FEMALE

METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS
INDIRECT METHOD
INDICATOR (DYE) DILUTION TECHNIQUE

PRINCIPLE
YOU HAVE TO SELECT A SUITABLE DYE
OR RADIO-ISOTOPE
V= VOLUME OF FLUID
A= TOTAL AMOUNT OF DYE USED
E= AMOUNT OF DYE EXCRETED OR LOST .
C= CONCENTRATION

FORMULA
V=A-E/C

Total Body Water

ECF

ECF

Blood
ICF

Interstitial

Interstitial

ICF

BLOOD
ICF

Total Body Water

ECF

ECF

Blood
ICF

Interstitial

Interstitial

ICF

BLOOD
ICF

Total Body Water

ECF

ECF

Blood
ICF

Interstitial

Interstitial

ICF

BLOOD
ICF

VOLUME MEASUREMENT OF VARIOUS

FLUIDS COMPARTMETNS
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
ECF Plasma Volume
INTRACELLULAR FLUID
TBW ECF

VOLUME MEASUREMENT OF VARIOUS

FLUIDS COMPARTMETNS
Dye Dilution Principle
TOTAL BODY WATER (TBW)
SUBSTANCE USED
DEUTERIUM OXIDE (D2O)
TRITIATED WATER
ANTIPYRINE
AMINOPYRINE

VOLUME MEASUREMENT OF VARIOUS

FLUIDS COMPARTMETNS
EXTRACELLUR FLUID
SUBSTANCES USED : TWO MAJOR
TYPES:
SACCHARIDES e.g. SUCROSE, INULIN,
MANNITOL
DIFFUSIBLE INONS e.g. SULPHATE, SODIUM,
THIOSULPHATE, BROMIDE, CHLORIDE

VOLUME MEASUREMENT OF
VARIOUS FLUIDS COMPARTMETNS
BLOOD PLASMA.
EVANS BLUE
RADIOACTIVE LABELED 125 I ALBUMIN

TOTAL BLOOD VOLUME

PLASME VOL X 100
100 -HCT

CRITERIA FOR A SUITABEL DYE.

MUST MIX EVENLY THROUGHOUT THE
COMPARTMETN
NON TOXIC
MUST HAVE NO EFFECT OF ITS OWN ON THE
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER OR OTHER
SUBSTANCES IN THE BODY
EITHER IT MUST BE UNCHANGED DURING THE
EXPERIMENT OR IF IT CHANGES , THE AMOUNT
CHANGED MUST BE KNOWN.
THE MATERIAL SHOULD BE RELATIVELY EASY
TO MEASURE.

FACTORS AFFECTING
Physiological
Adipose Tissue
Sex
Age

Pathological
Dehydration
Overhydration

WATER IS LIFE AND IT ADDS

BEAUTY TO LIFE
The water that we have around is needed
for survival of life and it adds beauty to life.
Look at the pictures next

Neelam Valley

Ushu

Swat

THANKS