Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Osteoarthritis
Definisi
Prevalensi dan
epidemiologi
Etiopatogenesis
Penyebab
Klinis
Diagnosis
Pemeriksaan
Terapi
Definisi OA
Penyakit sendi degeneratif (dahulu)
Kerusakan tulang rawan sendi akibat
apapun yang diikuti dengan perubahan
morfologi,biokimia,biomolekuler dan
biosintesis pada sel dalam rawan sendi,
substansi dasar dan tulang subkondral.
Pendahuluan
Kebanyakan di usia tua diatas 65 th
Mengenai 37% laki-laki dan 53%
wanita.
OA lutut banyak terdapat pada
wanita Afrika dan Amerika
Dampak sosial-ekonomi akibat sifat
OA yang kronis dan progresif
Women
53 %
Men
37 %
Faktor Resiko
Etio Patogenesis
Joint = Bone + Cartilago + cairan synovial
Proses Osteoartritis
Kerusakan kartilago
sendi -- kematian
kondrosit -
kerusakan
substansi dasar
Kerusakan lebih
dalam ke tulang sub
kondral
Kehilangan Kartilago
Degenerasi matriks
Fragmen Kartilago
terlepas dalam celah
sendi
Menstimulasi sitokin
Terbentuk osteofit
Tulang menonjol ke luar
Normal articular
cartilage. The swelling
pressure of the fully
hydrated but compressed
aggrecans is
counterbalanced by the
tight collagen network.
Due to this unique
composite structure,
healthy articular cartilage
can resist major pressure
and shear forces
Osteoarthritic articular
cartilage. Damaged or
ruptured collagen fibers
lead to swelling of the
now less compressed
aggrecans. The
cartilage becomes
softer, the pressure and
shear resistance is
diminished, which leads
to further damage to the
collagen network.
Cartilago erosif
A portion of the
eburnated surface of
an osteoarthritic joint.
This demontrates
focal superficial bone
and bone marrow
necrosis, which is
seen macroscopically
as the
opaque yellow area
on the left.
An area of cystic
degeneration in the
subchondral bone of
the superior surface
of a femoral head.
Note the large flat
osteophyte on the
medial surface.
IL-1
Inflamasi sinovial
OA
Distruksi
rawan sendi
ECM terganggu
Penyebaran OA
DIP, PIP
1st carpometacarpal
cervical/lumbar facet joints
1st metatarsophalangeal
Hips
Knees
Uncommon
Wrist, elbows, shoulders, ankles
Diagnosis OA
Gejala :
Nyeri dan kaku sendi
Gangguan fungsi, krepitasi
Bentuk sendi berubah
Tanda :
Keterbatasan oleh karena nyeri gerak dan cacat
Krepitasi/koclak, nyeri tekan, tanda radang (+)
Tulang menonjol dan bengkak
Deformitas, instabilitas, pincang
Kelemahan otot/atrofi otot
Klinis OA Tangan
1. Nyeri tangan, ngilu, kaku sendi-sendi
2. Bengkak sendi >2 diantara 10 sendi tangan
3. Bengkak MCP < 3
4. Bengkak sendi > 2 DIP
5. Deformitas > 2 diantara 10 sendi tangan
6. Diagnose OA jika : butir 1,2,3,4 atau 1,2,3,5
Sensitifitas 92%, spesifitas 98%
10 sendi adl: DIP-2 dan 3, PIP-2 dan 3, CMC-1
(Altman R. et al. 1990)
Unstable distal
interphalangeal
joints in OA. The
examiner is able to
push the joint from
side to side due to
gross instability, a
common finding in
late interphalangeal
joint OA.
Klinis OA Pinggul
1. Nyeri sendi coxa
2. Osteofit femoral/dan asetabular
3. LED < 20 mm/jam
4. Diagnosis OA jika 1,2 atau 1,3,4
sensitifitas 91%, spesifisitas 89%
(Altman R. et al. 1991)
Penegakan Diagnosis
Blood test
:Normal
Gambaran Radiologis
- Kartilago menipis
- Subkondral sklerosis
-Osteofit
- Kista
- Aksis sendi berubah
- Celah sendi menyempit
X-Ray
Jarak sendi
menyempit
Tulang subkondral
menebal
Tulang tumbuh
painful bone on bone contact at the CMC joint and the large bone spurs -osteophytes.
Pengelolaan OA
Perhatikan
- lamanya, lokasi, dan jumlah sendi
- Sejak kapan, eksaserbasi, atau remisi
- Pengobatan sebelumnya, perkembangan dan
efeknya
- Pengobatan alternatif, efek sampingnya
- Injeksi intra artikuler, tindakan bedah, artroskopi
- Penggunaan tongkat, deker, korset, dll
- Riwayat tukak peptik, prdhn.lambg, PJK, dll
Saat ini diobati apa?
Tujuan Pengobatan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Prinsip Pengobatan
Non farmakologis :
- Merubah pola hidup, edukasi
- Kontrol terhadap faktor resiko: menurunkan berat
badan, alas kaki yang sesuai, alat bantu
- Latihan sesuai dengan diagnosa: Strengthening,
aerobic, Stretching-paling baik adalah renang
Farmakologis :
Micros oft Office PowerPoint 2003.lnk
- Krim Topikal: OAINS, Capsaicin-balsam
- Suntikan Lokal: Corticosteroid, Asam Hyaluronat
- Obat-obat peroral: analgesi, NSAID, Amyltriptyline dosis
rendah, dan obat kombinasi (DMOAD)
Terapi operasi : osteotomi, debridemen, fusisendi,
artropasti
Non Farmakologi
Lihat
Berat
Badanmu
Terapi farmakologi
Krim Topical
Terapi Farmakologi
Krim Topikal
Suntikan Lokal
Injection of a depot
corticosteroid
Terapi Farmakologi
Krim topikal
Suntikan Lokal
Obat-obatan peroral:
NSAID
Non-sulfated Glikosaminoglikan
Hyaluronic acid
Anti Inflamatory agents
NSAID
Glukokorticoid
Antroquinones
Lipids
Cytokines/Growth Factors
Growth Hormone
IGF-1
Transforming Growth Factor-beta
IL-1 receptor antagonist
Operasi