Derivational and

Inflectional
Morphemes

GROUP 3 of B-Class
Dewi Maharani
(130511100061)
Ismi Intan P
(130511100062)
Cucuk Abdullah P
(130511100074)
Kamiliatus Syarifah (130511100060)
Abdul Jawat
(130511100069)
Siti Irawati
(130511100070)
Abdur Rokib
(130511100080)

Derivational Morpheme
Create new words by changing the
meaning or by changing the word class
of the word (make words or new words
of a different grammatical category
from the stem)
In derivation a new word is formed by
adding an affix to the root or stem

Derivation of Nouns
Verb Noun

speak speaker
swim swimming
read reader/ reading
Noun
kind kindness
good goodness
black blackness

Adjective

Noun Noun

mother motherhood

Derivation of Nouns
We can also add suffixes such as hood

(status), -ship (state or condition), -ness

(quality, state or condition) ,
-ity (state
or condition), -ment (result or product of
doing the action), -al (act of somethig),
-er (agentive), in the words like
brotherhood,
friendship,
wildness,
sincerity, government, refusal, walker

Derivation of Adjective
Noun Adjective

care careful
Verb adjective

read readable
love loveable
Adjective to adjective

common uncommon
possible impossible

Derivation of Verbs
Noun Verb

analysis analyze
slave enslave
Adjective verb

rich enrich
legal legalize
Verb verb

continue discontinue
pack unpack

Inflectional morphemes
Does not produce new words in the language
Used to indicate aspects of grammatical function of

word
Does not change category and does not create new

lexemes, but rather changes the form of lexemes so

that they fit into different grammatical contexts

8 Types of Inflectional Morphemes

Number
Person
Gender

NOUN INFLECTION

Case
Tense
Aspect
Voice

VERB INFLECT
Mood and modality

NUMBER
A category of nouns; marks singular or plural
E.g. singular : cat, ox, child
plural : cats, oxen, children

PERSON
A category of nouns; often marked on verbs in agreement
Singular

1st person
k-hnias:ke 'my throat
2nd person s- hnias:ke your throat
3rd person
ie- hnias:ke
her throat
ra- hnias:ke his throat

Plural

1st person
iakwa- hnias:ke our throats
2nd person sewa- hnias:ke your pl. throats
3rd person
konti- hnias:ke their throats
rati- hnias:ke their throats

GENDER
- in some languages like French and Germanic there are masculine and
feminine nouns, and also additional neuter in Germanic
- the classification of inflectional morphemes in gender itself is arbitrariness
- there are no suffixes or other clear marks on the nouns to tell us their
genders, so that it later deals with some agreement with a noun
CASE
another grammatical category that may affect nouns or whole noun phrase
in languages that employ inflectional category of case, nouns are
distinguished based on the function in sentences whether as subject,
possessor, direct object, indirect object, object of preposition, etc.
Latin:
Singular stella star (F) puer boy (M)
Nominative stella puer
Genitive stellae puer
Dative stellae puer
Accusative
stellam puerum
Ablative stell puer
TENSE
A category of verbs; marking time (Present, Past, Future)

ASPECT related to verbs, marking point of

speaking
Perfective khtat I got full
Imperfective akhtas I get full, Im getting full
VOICE - a category of inflection that allows
different noun phrases to be focused in sentences.
- The cat chased the mouse.
- The mouse was chased (by the cat).
MOOD & MODALITY a category of verb, marking
speech act type and possibility.
e.g. Imperative andjo-u Wake up!

ENGLISH LANGUAGES VERB

INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES
1. The suffix s functions in the Present Simple as the third person
marking of the verb : to work he work-s
2. The suffix ed functions in the past simple as the past tense marker
in regular verbs: to love lov-ed
3. The suffixes ed (regular verbs) and en (for some regular verbs)
function in the marking of the past partciple and, in general, in the
marking of the perfect aspect:
To study studied studied / To eat ate eaten
4. The suffix ing functions in the marking of the present participle,
the gerund and in the marking of the continuous aspect: To eat
eating / To study - studying

ENGLISH LANGUAGES NOUN

INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES
5. The suffix s functions in the marking of the plural
of nouns
dog dogs
6. The suffix s functions as a possessive marker
Laura Lauras book.

ENGLISH LANGUAGES ADJECTIVE

INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES
7. The suffix er functions as comparative marker:
quick quicker
8. The suffix est functions as superlative marker:
quick - quickest

Conclusion

Inflectional
Never changes category
Do not change part of Speech
Adds grammatical meaning
Is important to syntax
Is usually fully productive

Derivational
Sometimes changes category
Can change part of speech
Often adds lexical meaning
Produces new lexemes
Can range from unproductive to fully

Productive

THANK
YOU

REFERENCES
Lieber, Rochelle. Introducing Morphology. New York:
Cambridge University Press.2009
Yule, George. The Study of Language (fourth edition).
New York: Cambridge University Press.2010

Umich.edu. Inflection.pdf (online).

www.google.co.ig/url?q=http://www.umich.ed
u/~jlawler/Inflection.pdf&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEw
j3jNux-dnJAhVI9WMKHSExAGIQFggLMAA&usg=AFQ
CNE6JrcMFeyTFTJ6ynWhHKSPx2OsOA
, accessed on December 1st, 2015