Developmental Stage

and
Developmental Tasks

Havinghursts
and
Santrocks

Developmental Stages
and
Developmental Tasks

Havinghursts Developmental Stages and Developmental tasks

1. Infancy and Early Childhood (0-5)
Learning to walk
Learning to take solid foods
Learning to talk
Learning to control the elimination of body wastes
Learning sex differences and sexual modesty
Acquiring concepts and learning language to describe social and
physical reality
Ready to read
Learning to distinguish from wrong and developing a conscience

2. Middle Childhood (6-12)

Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games
Building wholesome attitudes toward oneself
Learning to get along with age-mates
Learning an appropriate masculine or feminine social role
Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing, and calculating
Developing concepts necessary for everyday living
Developing conscience, morality, and a scale of values
Achieving personal independence
Developing attitudes toward social groups and institutions

3. Adolescence (13-18)

Achieving new and more mature relations with age-mates of both sexes
Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
Accepting ones physique and using the body effectively
Achieving emotional independence of parents and other adults
Preparing for marriage and family life
Preparing for an economic career
Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as a guide to behavior
Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior

4. Early Adulthood (19-29)

Selecting a mate
Learning to live with a marriage partner
Starting a family
Rearing children
Managing a home
Starting an occupation
Assuming civic responsibility

5. Middle Adulthood (30-60)

Assisting teen-age children to become responsible and happy
adults
Achieving adult social and civic responsibility
Reaching and maintaining satisfactory performance in ones
occupational career
Developing adult leisure-time activities
Relating oneself to ones spouse as a person
To accept and adjust to the physiological changes of middle
age
Adjusting to aging parents

6. Later Maturity (61-and ever)

Adjusting to decreasing physical strength and health
Adjustment to retirement and reduced income
Adjusting to death of a spouse
Establishing an explicit affiliation with ones age group
Meeting social roles in a flexible way
Establishing satisfactory physical living arrangements

Santrocks Developmental Stages and Developmental tasks

1. Prenatal Period (Conception- birth)
From a single cell to an organism complete with brain and
behavioral capabilities

2. Infancy (from birth to18 24 months)

A time of extreme dependence of adults
Many psychological activities are just beginning
language, symbolic thought, sensorimotor coordination and
social training.

3. Early Childhood (end of infancy to 5-6 years ( Grade 1)

These are the preschool years
Learn to become more sufficient and to care to
themselves
Develop school readiness skills
Spend many hours in play with peers

4. Middle and late Childhood (6 11 years of age)

Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games
Building wholesome attitudes toward oneself
Learning to get along with age-mates
Learning an appropriate masculine or feminine social role
Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing, and
calculating
Developing concepts necessary for everyday living
Developing conscience, morality, and a scale of values
Achieving personal independence
Developing attitudes toward social groups and institutions

5. Adolescence (10-12 up to 18-22)

rapid physical changes
pursuit of independence and identity are prominent
thoughts is more logical, abstract and idealistic
more time is spent outside of the family

6. Early adulthood
(from late teens or early 20s lasting through the 30s)
Selecting a mate
Learning to live with a marriage partner
Starting a family
Rearing children
Managing a home
Starting an occupation
Assuming civic responsibility

7. Late adulthood (60s and above)

Adjusting to decreasing physical strength and health
Adjustment to retirement and reduced income
Adjusting to death of a spouse
Establishing an explicit affiliation with ones age group
Meeting social roles in a flexible way
Establishing satisfactory physical living arrangements

7. Middle adulthood

( 40 60 years of age)

Assisting teen-age children to become responsible and happy

adults
Achieving adult social and civic responsibility
Reaching and maintaining satisfactory performance in ones
occupational career
Developing adult leisure-time activities
Relating oneself to ones spouse as a person
To accept and adjust to the physiological changes of middle
age
Adjusting to aging parents