Introduction to Fluid

Mechanics (ME 326)

Fluid Mechanics II)

What is a Fluid??
Fluid

is a substance that:

Has the ability to flow

Cannot resist shear of any magnitude
Deforms continuously when acted upon

by a shearing stress of any magnitude

Basic Definitions
Materials:

Solids
Fluids
Liquids
Gases
Fluid

Mechanics is concerned with the behavior of liquids

and gases at rest or in motion:
Fluid Statics-------------Mechanics of fluids at rest
Fluid Dynamics----------Mechanics of fluids in motion
Fluid Kinematics-------Study of velocities and streamlines
without considering forces or energy
Hydrodynamics--------Relation between velocities and
accelerations and forces exerted by or upon fluids in motion

Fluid Mechanics
Applications

Fluid Mechanics
Applications

Fluid Mechanics Applications

Application Areas of Fluid

Mechanics

Fluid Terminologies
Steady-

Property does not change with time

Unsteady-

Property changes with time

In-compressible Compressible Viscous-

Density is constant
Density is variable

Viscosity is non-zero
Non-viscous/Inviscid-Viscosity is zero/negligible
Ideal Fluid- Coefficient of Viscosity = = 0
Real Fluid- Coefficient of Viscosity = 0
Newtonian FluidObeys Newtons Law of
Viscosity
(
)
Non-Newtonian Fluid-Does not obey Newtons Law of
Viscosity

Basic Engineering
Dimensions/Units

NOTE:
Alternate Temperature Symbol--T
Alternate Time Symbol--t

Derived Units

Fluid as Continuum
Fluid consists of large number of particles
in continuous motion
For length scales of, say, 1m and larger,
the molecular structure and motions may
be ignored
The fluid is treated as a continuum.

Continuous or homogeneous medium

with average/uniform properties.

Lagrangian vs. Eulerian Description

Lagrangian Approach
A fluid flow field can be
thought of as being comprised
of a large number of finite
sized fluid particles which
have mass, momentum,
internal energy, and other
properties. Mathematical laws
can then be written for each
fluid particle. This is the
Lagrangian description of fluid
motion.

Eulerian Approach
Another view of fluid motion
is the Eulerian description. In
the Eulerian description of
fluid motion, we consider how
flow properties change at a
fluid element that is fixed in
space and time (x,y,z,t),
rather than following
individual fluid particles.

Governing equations can be derived using

each method and converted to the other

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Basic Flow Analysis

Techniques

Conservation Equations

Thermodynamic Properties of
Fluids

Thermodynamic Properties-contd

Thermodynamic Properties-contd
Deg. Rankine =
Deg. Kelvin
=
Specific Weight=

Important Non-dimensional
Numbers

Reynolds Number=
Kinematic Viscosity =

Froude Number=Fr=V/ (gL)