DIMENSIONING

Orthographic Views convey the shape information

Dimensioning is required to convey the exact size of the object

DIMENSIONING

TWO MAJOR
METHODS OF
DIMENSIONING

ALIGNED

UNIDIRECTIONAL

Use of leader lines for

smaller angles

Use of object lines for

large angles

DIMENSIONING
a) Functional dimension - A dimension that is essential to the function of the piece
or space
b) Non-functional dimension - A dimension that is not essential to the function of the
piece or space.
c) Auxiliary dimension - A dimension given for information purposes only. It does not
govern production or inspection operations and is derived from other values shown
on the drawing or in related documents. An auxiliary dimension is given in
parentheses and no tolerance applies to it.

Each drawings shall use the same unit (for example, millimeters) for all dimensions
but without showing the unit symbol. In order to avoid misinterpretation, the
predominant unit symbol on a drawing may be shown in a note.

Elements of Dimensioning - The elements of dimensioning include the

projection line, dimension line, leader line, dimension line termination, the origin
indication, and the dimension itself.

Intersecting construction and projection lines

shall extend slightly beyond their point of
intersection.

In general, projection lines and

dimension lines should not cross other
lines unless this is unavoidable
A centerline or the outline of a part
shall not be used as a dimension line but
may be used in place of a projection line

Dimensional values shall be indicated so

that they may be read from the bottom of
the drawing sheet. Non-horizontal
dimension lines are interrupted, preferably
near the middle so that the value may be
inserted

The following indications are used with dimensions to show applicable

shape identification and to improve drawing interpretation. The
diameter and square symbols may be omitted where the shape is clearly
indicated. The applicable indication (symbol) shall precede the value for
dimension

Chain Dimensioning - Chains of single

dimensions should be used only where the
possible accumulation of tolerances does
not impinge on the functional requirements of
the part.

Parallel dimensioning is the placement

of a number of single dimension lines
parallel one to another and spaced out so
that the dimensional values can easily be
added in.

Superimposed running dimensioning is

simplified parallel dimensioning and may
be used where there are space limitations
and where no legibility problems would
occur.

Tabular indication:- in case of many

holes, the position and diameters of holes
can be arranged in table. The origin is
shown on drawing.

The dimensioning of chords, arcs and

angles shall be as shown in figure.

Equidistant Features - Where equidistant features or uniformly arranged

elements are part of drawing specifications, the dimensioning may be
simplifies as follows-

Why Chamfers ???

Chamfers shall be dimensioned

as shown in figure

45 degree chamfers

Internal chamfers

ThreadsTerminology in threadsExternal thread-

Internal threads

STANDARD REPRESENTATION OF THREADS

Visible screw threads - For visible
screw threads, the crests of threads should be defined by a continuous thick
line (type A), and the roots of threads by a continuous thin line (type B).

Hidden screw threads- For hidden screw threads, the crests and the
roots should be defined by dashed lines.
Sections of threaded parts For threaded parts shown in section, hatching
should be extended to the line defining the crest of the thread.

End view of screw threads - On an end view of a visible screw thread, the thread
roots should be represented by a portion of a circle, drawn with a continuous thin
line (type B), of length approximately three-quarters of the circumference.

The above conventions apply to assemblies of threaded parts. However,

externally threaded parts should always be shown covering internally
threaded parts and should not hidden by them

M 20 LH
DOUBLE START

Threaded parts
Continuous
thin line
Continuous
thick line

SQ 40 x 3

METRIC THREAD STANDARDS

Fit of mating thread

3-tight fit to 9-loose fit
6-generally used
g- external, H- internal
thread

UNIFIED THREAD STANDARDS

SYSTEM OF FITS AND TOLERANCES

The standard reference temperature is 20 C for industrial measurements
and, consequently, for dimensions defined by the system.
Due to the inevitable inaccuracy of manufacturing methods, a part
cannot be made precisely to a given dimensions, the difference between ideal
and actual is the tolerance.
When two parts are to be assembled, the relation resulting from the difference
between their sizes before assembly is called a fit.

CLEARANCE FIT

TRANSITION FIT

INTERFERANCE FIT

SHAFT BASED SYSTEMSize of shaft is kept constant, hole size is varied to get different fits.
HOLE BASED SYSTEMSize of hole is kept constant, shaft size is varied to get different fits.

A fit is indicated by the basic size common to both components, followed by

symbol corresponding to each component, the hole being quoted first.
E.g. 45 H8/g7

FITS AND TOLERANCES

The components of the toleranced dimension shall be indicated
in the following order:
a) the basic size, and
b) the tolerance symbol.
If, in addition to the symbols it is necessary to express the values of the
deviations or the limits of size, the additional information shall be shown
in brackets.

Permissible deviation

If a dimension needs to be limited in one

direction only, this should be indicated by adding
min or max to the dimension.
The upper deviation or the upper limit of size
shall be written in the upper position and the lower
deviation or the lower limit of size in the lower
position, irrespective of whether a hole or a shaft is
toleranced.

The tolerance symbol for the

hole shall be placed before that
for the shaft or above it, the
symbols being preceded by the
basic size indicated once only.

Indication of Tolerances on Angular Dimensions

FITS APPLICATIONS

GEOMETRIC TOLERANCES
Form tolerances limit the deviations of an individual feature from its
ideal geometrical form.
Orientation, location and run-out tolerances limit the deviations of
the mutual orientation and/or location of two or more features.

TOLERANCE SYMBOLS

STRAIGHTNESS

FORM TOLERANCES

CIRCULARITY
CYLENDRICITY
PROFILE OF ANY LINE
PROFILE OF ANY SURFACE

RUNOUT TO

ORIE

PARALLELISM

LOCATION TOLERANCES

FLATNESS

POSITION
Of a line
COAXIALITY
Of an axis
SYMMETRY
Of median plane

CIRCULAR RUNOUT
Radial
TOTAL RUNOUT
radial