Chapter 4

Orthographic
Writing

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

TOPICS
View selection
Alignment of view
Orthographic writing steps
Basic dimensioning
Tangency and intersections
Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

View Selection

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

VIEW SELECTION STEPS

1. Orient the object to the best position
relative to a glass box.
2. Select the front view.
3. Select adjacent views.

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

STEP 1 : Orient the Object

The object should be placed in its natural position.
The object should presents its features in actual
size and shape in orthographic views.
GOOD

NO !

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

STEP 2 : Select a Front View

The objects longest dimension should be
presented as a width.
First choice

Second choice

Waste more space

Inappropriate

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

GOOD

STEP 2 : Select a Front View

The adjacent views that are projected from the
selected front view should appear in its natural
position.

Inappropriate

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STEP 2 : Select a Front View

Choose the view that have the fewest number of
hidden lines.

GOOD

Inappropriate

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STEP 3 : Select an Adjacent View

Choose the view that have the fewest number of
hidden lines.
GOOD

Inappropriate
GOOD
Inappropriate
Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

STEP 3 : Select an Adjacent View

Choose the minimum number of views that can
represent the major features of the object.
Necessary

Holes location can be

specified on the same view.
Easy to understand
Difficult to interprete.

Necessary

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

STEP 3 : Select an Adjacent View

Choose the views that are suitable to a drawing
space.
POOR

Not enough space

for dimensioning.

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

STEP 3 : Select an Adjacent View

Choose the views that are suitable to a drawing
space.
GOOD

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

Example : View selection

mislead to

H
F.V.
D

F.V. & T.V.

Size description
Shape description

Three views

F.V. & R.S.V.

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

ONE-VIEW DRAWING
Flat part having a uniform thickness.

1 Thick

Unnecessary These 2 views provide only information

about the part thickness !

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

ONE-VIEW DRAWING
Cylindrical-shaped part.

Unnecessary
Repeat !
Infer from CL

Unnecessary
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TWO-VIEW DRAWING
There exists an identical view.
Repeat !
Unnecessary

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

TWO-VIEW DRAWING
The 3rd view has no significant contours of the object.

Unnecessary
Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

TWO-VIEW DRAWING
The 3rd view has no significant contours of the object.

Unnecessary
Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

Alignment of Views

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

PROJECTION SYSTEMS
1. First angle system
- European country
- ISO standard

First Quadrant

2. Third angle system

- Canada, USA,
Japan, Thailand

Third
Quadrant
Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
1st angle system

3rd angle system

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
3rd angle system

1st angle system

Folding
line

Folding
line
Folding
line

Folding
line
Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1st angle system
Right Side View

Front View

Top View

3rd angle system

Top View

Front View Right Side View

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

PROJECTION SYMBOLS
First angle system

Third angle system

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

Orthographic Writing
Steps

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

WRITING STEPS
1. Select the necessary views
2. Layout the views.
3. Project the views.
4. Dimension the views.

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

1. SELECT THE NECESSARY VIEWS

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

2. LAYOUT THE VIEWS

A4
152
64
25
45
152

Choose an
appropriate scale

1:1
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PROJECT THE VIEWS

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

DIMENSION THE VIEWS

z

x
x

PART NAME
NOTES
1. Dimensions in millimeters.
2. .

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TRANSFERING
THE DEPTH DIMENSION
27

1. Direct measurement

27
Starting point

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

TRANSFERING
THE DEPTH DIMENSION
2. Use miter line

45

Views too close

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Basic Dimensioning

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

COMPONENTS
1. Extension lines

10

27

2. Dimension lines

10 Drill, 2 Holes
R16

17

3. Leader lines
4. Dimension numbers
5. Local notes

43

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

Tangencies and
Intersections

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

TANGENT & INTERSECTION

No line is formed when curved surface tangent
to a plane surface.
Line is formed when curved surface intersects
a plane surface.
No line

tangent

intersect
No line

intersect
tangent
Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

TANGENT & INTERSECTION

limiting element

tangent

tangent
tangent
intersect

plane

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

TANGENT & INTERSECTION

tangent

intersect

tangent

No line

tangent

No line

No line

tangent

tangent

tangent

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

QUIZ

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

1. Which should be the natural position of the light

bulb ? (20 sec)

b)

c)

d)

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10 15 20

2. Which are the necessary views ? (60 sec)

a) A-C-E

b) E-B-D

c) E-A
d) E-C
A

15 30 45 60

C
F

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

3. Which is in correct first angle projection ? (180 sec)

a)

b)

c)

d)

45 90 135 180

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

4. Which is in correct third angle projection ? (180 sec)

a)

b)

c)

d)

45 90 135 180

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho

5. Which is a wrong 3rd angle orthographic views ?

(180 sec)

a)

b)

c)

d)

45 90 135 180

Gec 117-Kilanko & Omotosho