PC Maintenance

Training

After completing this lesson,

you will know:
Computer hardware familiarization
Assemble a computer system including

installation of the motherboard, floppy

and hard drives, CD-ROM, and video
cards
Install and manage Windows XP operating
system and Microsoft Office 2003
Add peripherals and multimedia
capabilities
Basic Troubleshooting & Maintenance
2

Computer
is a machine for manipulating data

according to a list of instructions or

programs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

Collects, processes, stores and output

information

http://www.answers.com/topic/computer-1?cat=biz-fin
3

So why use a computer?

Work faster & be more precise.

Use the same piece of information again in
different documents.
Make calculations without errors and correct
spelling mistakes.
Present more professional looking work.
Make as many copies and different versions of
electronic documents as you like.
Store and keep track of your (electronic)
documents.
Send (electronic) mail and documents to distant
relatives and business relations within a matter
of minutes.
Find information you need, available on one of
the millions of computers worldwide that are
connected to the Internet.

Computer System
Computer Case contains all the major

components
Monitor is a device that display text &
images generated by the computer
Printer is a device that produces a copy
of documents you create
Keyboard is device that lets you type
information & instruction into a computer
Mouse is a hand held device that lets you
select and move items on the screen
Speaker lets you hear sound generated
by your sound card
5

Whats inside a computer?

Processor/CPU
Motherboard
RAM (Random

Access Memory)
Hard disk drive
Video card

Audio
Power supply
Floppy drive
Networking
CD-ROM Drive

Whats inside of the Computer?

Processor also known
as CPU or the Central
Processing unit

Ex. Intel Core 2 Duo 1.8Ghz

800MHz
Processor Type Intel Core 2 Duo
Clock Speed 1.8 Ghz (speed at
which operations took place
inside the CPU)
System Bus 800Mhz (the speed at
which RAM memory was
accessed)
http://www.intel.com/products/processor/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-core
7

Whats inside of the Computer?

Dual Core Dual-core refers to a CPU that includes

It has combined two processors and their caches

and cache controllers onto a single integrated
circuit (silicon chip).

Dual-core processors are well-suited for

multitasking environments because there are two
complete execution cores instead of one, each
with an independent interface to the frontside bus.

Since each core has its own cache, the operating

system has sufficient resources to handle most
compute intensive tasks in parallel.

two complete execution cores per physical

processor.

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/d/dual_core.html

Whats inside of the Computer?

Motherboard

also known as the

mainboard. It
contains circuit
that perform
various functions.

Whats inside of the Computer?

Memory is

technically any
form of electronic
storage, it is used
most often to
identify fast,
temporary forms
of storage. Ex.
RAM, ROM, Bios
etc.
10

Whats inside of the Computer?

Hard disk drive

a fixed
computer storage
medium.

11

Whats inside of the Computer?

CD-ROM drive

Compact Disk/ReadOnly Memory drive, a

device that can read
information from a
CD-ROM.

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CD_ROM_player
.html

12

Whats inside of the Computer?

Sound Card is a
computer expansion
card that can input
and output sound
under control of
computer programs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_card

13

Whats inside of the Computer?

Modem The word
"modem" is a
contraction of the
words modulatordemodulator. A
modem is typically
used to send digital
data over a phone
line.

14

Whats inside of the Computer?

Network

Interface Card

also known as LAN

card. A PC interface
to network cabling. It
is a piece of
computer hardware
designed to allow
computers to
communicate over a
computer network
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_card

15

Whats inside of the Computer?

Video Card also

referred to as a graphics
accelerator card,
display adapter,
graphics card, and
numerous other terms, is
an item of personal
computer hardware
whose function is to
generate and output
images to a display. It
operates on similar
principles as a sound
card or other peripheral
devices.
16

Whats inside of the Computer?

Network

Interface Card

also known as LAN

card. A PC interface
to network cabling. It
is a piece of
computer hardware
designed to allow
computers to
communicate over a
computer network
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_card

17

Whats inside of the Computer?

Power supply

changes the
alternating current
(AC) that comes from
an outlet to the direct
current (DC) that a
computer can use.

Note: the capacity of

power is measured in
watts.

18

Whats inside of the Computer?

Floppy drive

stores and retrieves

information on floppy
disk

19

Whats inside of the Computer?

IDE cable /

Floppy Cables

20

Proverbs

A journey of a thousand
miles began with a single
step .

21

Assembly & Disassembly of PC

22

Assembly of PC

Before you start the actual assembly, familiarize yourself with the case and
components

Unpack all the parts and keep them nearby, but not so close that they interfere

If the PC is under your desk, it makes sense to place the CD-ROM and/or DVD
drive as high up as possible so that you don't have to bend down so far.

Always check to make sure that the ribbon cable is long enough.

If you're intending to put in two hard drives, make sure that there's enough room
between them. Otherwise, they may overheat, leading to a shortened life span
and instability.

Make sure that neither cables nor other components can get caught in a fan.

Most cases don't come with instructions, so you should first check which screws
and parts go where, and what each is for - and whether you may have to remove
anything from the case before you can install the drives.

Some components get warm or even hot when operating. Always make sure that
there's enough air circulating for the heat to dissipate. That's especially important
for modern graphics cards and hard drives

All cables must be run so that no air vents or openings are completely blocked.
23

Assembly of PC
An Overview Of Steps Involved

First, let's take a look at the various steps to putting together a PC.
Opening the empty case;
Preparing to fit the components;
Fitting the motherboard;
Fitting the RAM, processor, and cooler;
Installing the graphics card and sound card;
Fitting the hard disk and floppy drive;
Installing the floppy and CD-ROM drives;
Connecting the ribbon cables;
Powering the drives and motherboard;
Connecting the cables for the case front panel;
Final check.

24

Step 1- Ground yourself by

touching the metal chassis

25

Sample Motherboard
PCI slots

AGP slots Built-in ports

CPU socket

RAM slots

battery

IDE connectors

Power connectors

26

CPU ready for insertion in the

ZIP socket

27

CPU ready for insertion in the

ZIP socket

28

CPU with Thermal paste

29

CPU fan

30

Connecting CPU fan to the

Motherboard

31

Aligning memory module with a

RAM socket

32

Aligning memory module with a

RAM socket

33

Motherboard ready to install into

the case.

34

ATX motherboard is installed

Ethernet port
Audio port
Parallel port
firewire

USB
Serial port
Keyboard/mouse

35

ATX motherboard is installed

36

ATX motherboard power cable

37

Connecting LED & button cables

38

Fixing AGP video card in place

39

Installing an internal device

40

Attaching an internal device to

the drive cage with screw

41

Connecting IDE cables

42

Connecting the IDE cable to the

back of internal device

43

Connecting the power connector

44

CPU case with a clear side panel

45

Software Installation

46

The Operating System

The program that controls the operations
of the computers hardware
Controls the allocation and use of:
1. computer memory
2. CPU (central processing unit) time
3. disk space
4. peripheral devices
The foundation program on which all
software applications depend

47

Windows XP Desktop

48

E-Mail and Calendaring Software

(continued)

49

Word Processing Software

50

Spreadsheet Software

51

Presentation Software

52

Database Software

53

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

54

System Booting Process

The typical computer system boots over

and over again with no problems, starting

the computer's operating system (OS)
and identifying its hardware and software
components that all work together to
provide the user with the complete
computing experience. But what happens
between the time that the user powers up
the computer and when the GUI icons
appear on the desktop?
55

BIOS
Basic input/output system chip is the most

important chip found in the motherboard

next to CPU
The BIOS is firmware (softtware on a chip),
commonly known as the BIOS (pronounced
"bye-ose"). On virtually every computer
available, the BIOS makes sure all the other
chips, hard drives, ports and CPU function
together.
The BIOS is special software that interfaces
the major hardware components of your
computer with the operating system.
56

What BIOS Does

When you turn on your computer, the BIOS does

several things. This is its usual sequence:
1. Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings
2. Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers
3. Initialize registers and power management
4. Perform the power-on self-test (POST)
5. Display system settings
6. Determine which devices are bootable
7. Initiate the bootstrap sequence

57

Configuring BIOS

To enter the CMOS Setup,

you must press a certain
key or combination of keys
during the initial startup
sequence. Most systems
use "Esc," "Del," "F1," "F2,"
"Ctrl-Esc" or "Ctrl-Alt-Esc"
to enter setup.
Once you have entered
setup, you will see a set of
text screens with a number
of options.

58

Common options include:

System Time/Date - Set

the system time and date
Boot Sequence - The
order that BIOS will try to
load the operating system
Plug and Play - A
standard for auto-detecting
connected devices; should
be set to "Yes" if your
computer and operating
system both support it

CMOS Setup

59

Common options include:

Mouse/Keyboard - "Enable Num Lock," "Enable the

Keyboard," "Auto-Detect Mouse"...
Drive Configuration - Configure hard drives, CDROM and floppy drives
Memory - Direct the BIOS to shadow to a specific
memory address
Security - Set a password for accessing the computer
Power Management - Select whether to use power
management, as well as set the amount of time for
standby and suspend
Exit - Save your changes, discard your changes or
restore default settings

60

System Booting Process

PC power turned on

CPU initialize

ROM BIOS
Check CPU, POST ROM

POST

System Timer, Graphics,

Memory, Keyboard &
Disk Drives

Load the OS
61

POST Power on Self test

Portion of the BIOS enables the BIOS to

find and report errors in the computer

hardware. During the POST process, the
BIOS uses any of several methods to
report problems:

BEEP CODES
POST ERROR MESSAGES
POST (HEX) ERROR MESSAGES
62

POST power on self test

Common System Errors and their Beep
Codes

Problem

Phoenix

Award

AMI

IBM

memory

Beep 1-3-4-1

Beeping (Other
than 2 long, 1
short)

1 or 3 or 11
1 long 3 short
beeps

none

video

(none)

2 long, 1
short beep

8 beeps
1 long
8 short
beeps

1 long, 3
short beeps
or 1 beep

CPU or
Motherboard

1-2-2-3

(none)

5 beeps or 9
beeps

1 long, 1
short beep
63

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

Trouble: Start up problems
1. No power
2. Fan is not running
3. No LED

Cause:
1. Power cord/bad power outlet
2. AVR or UPS not power on
3. Power supply
64

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

Possible Solution:
1. Try another cord /outlet
2. Turn on the AVR or UPS
3. Replace power supply

65

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

Trouble: Display Problem
1. The PC is turned on but the display isnt
working

Cause:
1. Power cord is unplugged from the outlet or from
the PC
2. Display power switch is turned OFF
3. Video cable is unplugged to the PC
4. Video card problem/board problem (if on board)
66

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

Possible Solution:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Plug the power cord to the outlet or PC

Turn on display power switch
Plug video cable
Replace video card/board

67

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

Trouble: Mouse problem
1. The mouse does not respond at all
2. The mouse moves poorly

Cause:
1.
2.
3.
4.

The mouse is not properly plugged in

Dirt on the rollers or the ball
Defective mouse
Defective mouse port (serial/ps2)
68

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

Possible Solution:
1. Plug the mouse properly
2. Turn the mouse upside down. Rotate the little
door to allow the ball to drop out. Rub the ball
to clean it, and scrape the rollers to get the dirt
away.
3. Replace mouse (PS/2) or USB if problem with
port.

69

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

Trouble: Keyboard problem
1. Keyboard does not respond

Cause:
1. Keyboard is not connected

70

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

Possible Solution:
1. Try plugging again.
2. Replace keyboard (PS/2) or USB if problem
with port.

71

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

Trouble: Hard disk problem
1. Hard disk not detected
2. Hard disk error

Cause:
1. Loose cable or no power
2. Bad block/sector

72

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

Possible Solution:
1. Secure data connector/power connector
2. Replace HDD

73

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

Trouble: Audio problem
1. No sound heard from audio

Cause:
1. Volume control
2. Device driver not installed properly

74

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

Possible Solution:
1. Check the volume control
2. check the audio cable
3. Reinstall device driver

75

Troubleshooting & Diagnostics

User problem:
1. Powering off without properly shutdown the
computer
2. Placing water, sodas, or any liquids on the top of
CPU
3. Installing unnecessary application and highly
graphical games that can hamper the CPU
4. Fixing the computer even no trouble detected
5. Removing cover of the unit/PCI slots that
exposes the CPU to insects and rats.
76

PC Maintenance
If your computer seems slower than it used to be, it
probably is. Over time, computers get slower
because files become disorganized and resources
are consumed by unnecessary software.
Fortunately, Microsoft Windows XP includes tools to
clean up your computer and restore its
performance.

77

PC Maintenance
1. Remove programs you don't need
anymore

Log on to your computer as an administrator. Click

Start, and then click Control Panel

78

PC Maintenance

Click Add or Remove Programs.

79

PC Maintenance

In the Currently installed programs list, click the program that you want to
remove. Then, click Remove or Change/Remove .

Follow the instructions that appear to remove your program. Each program
has a different process. Restart your computer if prompted.

80

PC Maintenance
2. Install and run antispyware software
Most programs can be removed using the Add or
Remove Programs function accessible from Control
Panel, but spyware programs are more stubborn.
Antispyware program can detect and remove these
programs.

Spyware is a broad term used to describe software that might

install itself without your knowledge, take unwanted actions
(such as monitoring your computer usage or displaying
advertisements), and make itself difficult to remove. If you
have ever had your Internet Explorer home page change, seen
a toolbar appear unexpectedly, or noticed new icons near your
system clock, you may have spyware on your computer.
81

PC Maintenance
3. Free up wasted space
Removing unused programs is a great way to free

up disk space, which will speed up your computer.

Another way to find wasted disk space is to use the
Disk Cleanup tool.

To run the Disk Cleanup tool

1.Click Start, and then click My Computer.
2.Right-click Local Disk, and then click Properties.
3.On the General tab, click the Disk Cleanup button. Disk Cleanup will
spend a few minutes examining your disk.

4.The Disk Cleanup dialog box will appear. Select each of the check
boxes in the Files to delete list, and then click OK.
5.When prompted, click Yes. Disk Cleanup will spend several minutes
removing these files, which will provide you with more space.
82

PC Maintenance
Disk Cleanup

83

PC Maintenance
4. Defragment your hard disk drive
Defragmentation improves your computer's
performance by reorganizing your files.

84

PC Maintenance
Using Defrag

85

PC Maintenance
5. Using Scandisk (Win9X/ME) &
CHKDSK (Win 2K/WinXP)

86

PC Maintenance

Using Scandisk (Win9X/ME) & CHKDSK (Win

2K/WinXP)
Scandisk/CHKDSK performs the following task:
1. Check the disk surface of the specified drive for
read errors
2. Repairs problems with the logical disk structure
3. Provides disk usage statistics at the end of its
operation
Open the Windows Explorer/My Computer
1. Right Click a drive, select Properties, and then
click the Tools tab.
2. Click Check Now to start the process
87

PC Maintenance
6. Install antivirus software
Viruses install themselves on your
computer by exploiting a security
weakness. Once installed, viruses
attempt to propagate to other
computers across the Internet. Windows
XP does not include antivirus software,
so you need to download and install an
antivirus program and keep it updated.

Ex. AVG Free Edition

88

PC Maintenance
7. Back up your computer
8. Enable Automatic Updates
9. Configure Windows XP power
management
10. Delete files you don't need
anymore

89

Q&A

90

Q&A

91

Chinese Proverbs

Give a man a fish and

you feed him for a day.
Teach a man to fish and
you feed him for a
lifetime.
92

Tech Support
PETE RABAGO
Email: rabago.pd@ayalafoundation.org
myyouthtech@yahoo.com
YM : myyouthtech
Skype: petedrabago
Tel: 02-7521187/0917881-8312

93

Tech Support
JEROME BLANCO
Email: blanco.jr@ayalafoundation.org
jeromeblanco@gmail.com
YM : blancorjr@yahoo.com
Skype:
Tel: 02-7521187/0917881-8313

94

95

96

97