Chapter 9 Church and States

I. Reforms in the Church

A. Need for Reform

Church gained political power

Power and Money began to corrupt
church officials

A. Need for Reform

Cistercians: strict group of monks that sought reform in

the Church
Bernard of Clairvaux: Denounced worldliness in the Church

B. Rivalry between Pope and Emperor

College of Cardinals: elects the Pope

Gregory VII: Benedictine Monk becomes Pope
Greatest Reformer; believed Church > State

B. Rivalry between Pope and Emperor

Henry IV Germany; Resisted Pope appointed

his own Bishops

Pope excommunicates him!

B. Rivalry between Pope and Emperor

Henry begged for forgiveness

C. New Religious Orders

Friars: brothers; mendicant orders

C. New Religious Orders

Francis of Assisi: founded Franciscan Order

C. New Religious Orders

Dominic: argued against heresy; taught doctrine

C. New Religious Orders

Dominican Order becomes the leaders of

The Inquisition

D. Zenith of the Papacy

Innocent III: most powerful Pope in history

1. Papal Weapons

a) Excommunication: deprive someone of

the sacraments; and takes away any hope
of salvation

1. Papal Weapons

b) Interdict: suspend all religious

activity; take all blessings from the

1. Papal Weapons

c) Inquisition: Court of Church Officials

tasked to stamp out heresy tortured
suspects to confess

II. A European Empire

A) Founding the German Kingdom

After Louis the German, Dukes took

over the land

A) Founding the German Kingdom

Henry the Fowler first king of

Germany
Title of King but dukes had control

A) Founding the German Kingdom

Otto I the Great church officials

help him secure power over country;

B) Establishment of the
Holy Roman Empire

B) Establishment of the
Holy Roman Empire

Otto I crossed the Alps, conquered

Lombardy
Saves the Pope in Rome; Crowned

B) Establishment of the
Holy Roman Empire

Not Holy, Roman, or an Empire!

C) Conflict within the Empire

1. Conflict of Interest
2. Conflict with Popes
3. Conflict with Nobles

1. Conflict of Interest
Intervened in Italian Politics
Otto III tried to move capital of Rome
Crown was distanced from German

2. Conflict with Popes

Otto I practiced Lay Investiture

Popes would fight with German

3. Conflict with Nobles

Salian House Henry IV; strengthen

Kings power

D) Empire under the Hohenstaufens

Frederick I Barbarossa red beard

Military leader; settles down

D) Empire under the Hohenstaufens

Military Invasion of Italy a failure

Son marries the heiress of Sicily

D) Empire under the Hohenstaufens

Frederick II: Grandson of Fred. I

Heir to both Germanys and Sicilys

D) Empire under the Hohenstaufens

Familiar with Greek and Arab

cultures

D) Empire under the Hohenstaufens

Would foster culture in his reign

Innocent will help him secure
German Crown
Has to relinquish title to Sicily

D) Empire under the Hohenstaufens

Innocent dies shortly afterwards

Frederick then claims both Crowns
Dies in 1250 a.d. marks decline of

D) Empire under the Hohenstaufens

Neither Germany or Italy will unify

into Countries until the 1800s

III. Rise of Feudal Monarchs

A) England

1. Angles and Saxons

Rome leaves British Isles

Germanic Tribes move in
Angles and Saxons
Angle-land known as England

1. Angles and Saxons

Alfred the Great: Saves Angles and

Saxons from Danes Invasion; unified
England

1. Angles and Saxons

Shires Counties
Anglo Saxon Chronicle: History of

1. Angles and Saxons

Danish ruler Canute takes England

Edward the Confessor drives the

2. William of Normandy

Edward No Heirs
William, duke of Normandy was his
cousin
English nobles reject William and

2. William of Normandy

1066 A.D. Harold and William meet

at the
Battle of Hastings
determines Englands History
William the Conqueror

3. Reforms strengthen Royal Authority

Henry II grandson of William; claim

to throne
HES FRENCH!

3. Reforms strengthen Royal Authority

Takes English Crown Rivalry with

France
Indictments accusations
Sets forth Common Law