Discovering Computers 2009

Introduction to Information Systems

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO computers

Chapter 1 Objectives
Recognize
Recognizethe
theimportance
importanceof
of
computer
computerliteracy
literacy
Define
Definethe
theterm
termcomputer
computerand
andidentify
identify
its
itscomponents
components
Explain
Explainwhy
whyaacomputer
computerisisaa
powerful
powerfultool
tool
Recognize
Recognizethe
thepurpose
purposeof
ofaanetwork
network
Discuss
Discussthe
theuses
usesof
ofthe
theInternet
Internetand
andthe
the
World
WorldWide
WideWeb
Web

Identify
Identifythe
thevarious
varioustypes
typesof
ofsoftware
software
Describe
Describethe
thecategories
categoriesof
ofcomputers
computers
Determine
Determinehow
howthe
theelements
elementsof
ofan
an
information
informationsystem
systeminteract
interact
Identify
Identifythe
thevarious
varioustypes
typesof
of
computer
computerusers
users
Discuss
Discusscomputer
computerapplications
applicationsin
insociety
society

Recognize
Recognizethe
thedifference
differencebetween
between
installing
installingand
andrunning
runningaaprogram
program

Next

Keeping up with Technology: Its

Essential!

A World of Computers
What is computer literacy?

Knowledge and understanding

of computers and their uses

Computers are everywhere Very true !

p. 1.03 Fig. 1-1

Next

What Is a Computer?
How is a computer defined?

An extremely fast electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in
its own memory which processes data into useful information.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and
symbols

Processes data into

information
Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful

Produces and stores results

p. 1.04

Next

What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?

Input
Process
Output
Storage
Communication

p. 1.04 Fig. 1-2

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is an input device?

p. 7 Fig. 1-3

Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is an output device?

Hardware that
conveys
information
to one or more
people

Whichdevicesare
bothinput&output?
(Modem,soundcard,
SmartBoard[Nova])

p. 8 Fig. 1-3

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is the system unit?

p. 8 Fig. 1-3

Case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data

Next

The Components of a Computer

What are two main components on the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a microprocessor
ALU & Control Unit
Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do

Memory
Temporary holding place for data and instructions

p. 1.06

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is storage?

Holds data, instructions, and information

for future use (RAM vs Hard Disk Drive)
Storage
Storagemedia
media

Physical
Physicalmaterial
materialon
onwhich
whichdata,
data,instructions,
instructions,
and
andinformation
informationare
arestored
stored

Storage
Storagedevice
device

Records
Recordsand
andretrieves
retrievesitems
itemstotoand
andfrom
from
aastorage
storagemedium
medium

p. 1.06

Next

Much Older Storage Tech

What is a floppy diskette (1.44 MB)?

Thin, circular,
flexible disk
enclosed in rigid
plastic shell
A Zip disk looks
similar but has
much greater
storage capability

p. 1.06 Fig. 1-4

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is a hard disk (Capacity: 1 TB)?

Provides much
greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk, flash drive
or Zip disk (750 MB)
Housed inside the
system unit

p. 1.07 Fig. 1-5

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is a USB or U3 flash drive? > 100 Gigabytes of storage

Provides much
greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk or
Zip disk

Small and
lightweight enough
to be transported
on a keychain or
in a pocket. Sometimes called a thumb drive

p. 9 Fig. 1-5

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is a compact disc? (CDs & DVDs)
Flat, round, portable metal disc

CD-ROM
CD-R, CD-RW
DVD-ROM
DVD+R, DVD-R
DVD+RW
DVD-RW
DVD-RAM
HD, Blu-Ray

p. 1.07 Fig. 1-6

Next

The Components of a Computer

What is miniature storage media?

Portable,
Portable, thin
thin
memory
memory cards
cards
used
used in:
in:

p. 1.07

Digital
Digital
cameras
cameras

Handheld
Handheld
computers
computers

Next

Storage Devices
Optical discs
CD-ROM
CD-R
CD-RW
DVD-ROM
DVD-R
DVD+R
DVD-RW
DVD+RW
DVD+RAM
Tape

HD, Blu-Ray

Storage Devices
Miniature mobile storage
media

Why Is a Computer Powerful?

What makes a computer powerful?

Storage

Reliability

Accuracy

p. 1.08

Speed

Communications

Next

Advantages & Disadvantages of

Computers
What are the disadvantages of using computers?

p. 10 - 11

Violationof
Privacy

Impacton
LaborForce

HealthRisks

Impacton
Environment

Next

Networks and the Internet

What is a network?

Collection of computers and devices connected together

Communications
Communications
Device
Device

Enables
Enablesaa
connection
connection
between
between
computers
computers

p. 1.08

Communications
Communications
Media
Media
Satellites

Cables
Telephone
lines

Cellular
radio

One type is
a modem

Next

Networks and the Internet

What are the reasons to network?
To
Toshare
share
Resources
Resources
Hardware
Hardware
devices
devices Software
Software
programs
programs

p. 1.08

To
save
To
save
Data
Data
time
time
Information
and
Information
and
money
money

Next

Networks and the Internet

What is a server?

Manages the
resources on
a network

A client accesses
the resources
on the server

p. 1.08 Fig. 1-7

Next

Networks and the Internet

What is the Internet?

Worldwide collection of networks that connects

millions of computers. The worlds largest WAN

p. 1.09 Fig. 1-8

Next

Networks and the Internet

What is the Web?
Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to
anyone connected to the Internet
AAWeb
Website
siteisis
aacollection
collectionof
of
related
relatedWeb
Webpages
pages

You
Youcan
canshare
share
information
informationon
onaasocial
social
networking
networkingWeb
Website
siteor
or
aaphoto
photosharing
sharing
community
community

AAWeb
Webpage
pagecontains
contains
text,
text,graphics,
graphics,audio,
audio,
video,
video,and
andlinks
linkstoto
other
otherWeb
Webpages
pages

p. 12 - 14

AApodcast
podcastisis
recorded
recordedaudio
audio
stored
storedon
onaaWeb
Website
site
that
thatcan
canbe
be
downloaded
downloaded

AAblog
blogconsistsoftime
consistsoftime
stampedarticlesin
stampedarticlesin
ajournalformat
ajournalformat

Next

Networks and the Internet

Why do users access the Internet?
1.

Communications

3.

Information
Shopping

4.

Banking and Investing

5.

Classes

6.

Entertainment

2.

p. 1.10 Fig. 1-9

Next

Networks and the Internet

What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to

anyone connected to the Internet
AAWeb
Website
siteisis
aacollection
collectionof
of
related
relatedWeb
Webpages
pages

p. 1.11 Fig. 1-10

AAWeb
Webpage
pagecontains
contains
text,
text,graphics,
graphics,sound,
sound,
video,
video,and
andlinks
linkstoto
other
otherWeb
Webpages
pages

You
Youcan
canshare
share
information
informationby
by
creating
creatingWeb
Webpages
pages
or
orposting
postingphotos
photoson
on
aaphoto
photocommunity
community
Next

The World Wide Web

Computer Software
How do you install a software program?

A program is a series of instructions that tells the

computer what to do

Step 1.

Step 2. Instruct

Insert the
program disc into
the CD-ROM
drive

the computer to
run the program

Step 3.
The program executes
p. 1.12 Fig. 1-12

Next

Computer Software (Windows is

a GUI)
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

Allows you to
interact with the
software using
graphics and icons
Controls how you
enter data and how
the screen displays
information

p. 1.12 Fig. 1-13

Next

Computer Software (OS &

Utilities)
What is system software?

Programs that control the operations of the computer

and its devices
Operating
OperatingSystem
System(OS)
(OS)
isisaaset
setof
ofprograms
programs
that
thatcoordinates
coordinatesall
all
activities
activitiesamong
among
computer
computerhardware
hardware
devices
devicesand
andallows
allows
users
userstotorun
run
application
applicationsoftware
software

p. 1.13

Utility
UtilityPrograms
Programsallow
allowthe
theuser
usertoto
perform
performmaintenance-type
maintenance-typetasks
tasks
usually
usuallyrelated
relatedtotomanaging
managingaa
computer,
computer,its
itsdevices
devicesor
orits
itsprograms
programs

Next

Computer Software
(Applications Software)
What is application software?

Programs that perform

specific tasks for users

Suite
Popular software applications
bundled together as a single unit
Word
Processing

Spreadsheet

Database

Presentation
Graphics

Click to view Web Link,

then click Application Software
below Chapter 1

p. 1.14 Fig. 1-14

Next

Microsoft Office 2007

Access 2007
Communicator 2007 (Communicate thru different time zones)
Excel 2007
Groove 2007 (Collaboration software)
InfoPath 2007 (Deploy electronic forms solutions)
OneNote 2007 (Digital notebook)
Outlook 2007
PowerPoint 2007
Project 2007 (Project management)
Publisher 2007 (Desktop publshing)
SharePoint Designer 2007 (Automate business processes)
Visio 2007 (Flowcharting)
Word 2007

Computer Software

HTML/Javascript
program

What is a programmer?

Someone who develops

application or system
software

p. 1.15 Fig. 1-15

Programmer writes
instructions to
direct computer to
process data into
information

Resulting Internet application

Next

Categories of Computers
What are the categories of computers?
PersonalComputers
(desktop)
MobileComputersand
MobileDevices
GameConsoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
EmbeddedComputers
p. 19

Next

Personal Computers
What are the two most popular series of personal
computers?

PC and compatibles
use the Windows
operating system

p. 1.17 Figs. 1-171-18

Apple Macintosh
uses the Macintosh
operating system
Mac OS X Leopard

Next

Apple iMac Desktop Computers

Processor up to 2.33GHz
RAM memory up to 3GB
Hard drive up to 750GB
Graphics card memory up to 256MB
http://store.apple.com/1-800-MY-APPLE/WebObjects/AppleStore.woa/wa/RSLID?
mco=C1211F78&nclm=iMac

Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer?

Designed so all of the components fit on or under

a desk or table

p. 1.17 Fig. 1-19

Next

Personal Computers
What is a notebook computer?

Portable, small enough to fit on

your lap
Also called a laptop
Generally more expensive than
a desktop computer

p. 1.18 Fig. 1-20

Next

New Dell Latitude E6400 (Aug

2008)
Important item:

Battery charge: 19 hours !

The Dell Latitude E6400 and E6500, available today,

are 14.1- and 15.4-inch laptops that start at $1,139 and
$1,169, respectively. The systems are ideal desktop
replacements for high-performance users.

Touch Screen Technology from

HP
http://www.hp.com/united-states/campaigns/showroo
m/alt/touchsmartpc.html?jumpid=reg_R1002_USEN

Apples new Air Notebook

Unveiled on January 15, 2008
Worlds thinnest laptop computer:
Cost: $1799.00
Battery run time: 5 hours
http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hLBhP9s1xrlQNtcf_HB5vPmZ3UuA
World-leading computer chip maker Intel shrunk one of its fast dual-core
processors by 60 percent at Apple's urging to fit the power into MacBook Air,
according to Steve Jobs.

Handheld Computers
What is a tablet PC?

Resembles a letter-sized slate

Allows you to write on the screen using a stylus

Smaller version is the

modular computer

p. 1.18 Figs. 1-211-22

Next

Handheld Computers
What is a tablet PC?

Resembles a letter-sized slate

Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen

Especially useful for taking

notes

p. 20 Fig. 1-21

Next

Handheld Computers
What is a handheld computer?

Small
enough to fit
in your
hand

p. 1.19

Used
by mobile
employees such as
meter readers and
delivery people

Next

Handheld Computers
What are Web-enabled handheld computers?

Allow you to check e-mail

and access the Internet
Web-enabled telephone is
a smart phone

p. 1.19 Fig. 1-24

Next

Mobile Computers and Mobile

Devices
What is a handheld computer?
Small
enough to fit
in one
hand

p. 21

Used
by mobile
employees such as
meter readers and
delivery people

Next

Mobile Computers and Mobile

Devices
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?

Provides personal organizer functions

p. 21 Fig. 1-20

Calendar
Appointment book
Address book
Calculator
Notepad
Stylus is used as pointing device
(or finger)

Next

Mobile Computers and Mobile

Devices
What are smart phones?
Asmartphoneis
anInternetenabled
telephonethatusually
providesPDAcapabilities

p. 22 Fig. 1-21

Next

Game Consoles
What are game consoles?

Mobilecomputingdevicedesignedfor
singleplayerormultiplayervideogames

MicrosoftsXbox360&SonysPlayStation3,NintendoGameCube
NintendoWii,SonyPSP,NintendoDS
p. 22 Fig. 1-21

Next

Embedded Computers
What is an embedded computer?

A special-purpose computer that functions as a

component in a larger product. Some new cars have
up to 100 microprocessors on board.
( Raises the possibility of Car viruses ???)

p. 24 Fig. 1-26

Next

Servers, Mainframes, &

Supercomputers
What types of servers are there?
Midrange server Powerful, large
computer that supports up to a few
thousand computers; controls access to
network resources.
Mainframe Very powerful,
expensive computer that supports
thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, most
powerful, most expensive
computer. Used for applications
requiring complex mathematical
calculations
p. 1.20 and 1.21 Figs. 1-251-27

Next

Supercomputers (IBM, Cray)

Supercomputer The fastest, most
powerful, most expensive
computer. Used for applications
requiring complex mathematical
calculations; Can store
20,000 times more data than a PC
IBM Blue Gene/L
135.3 Teraflops (Trillion floating
point operations / second
Very near future: 270 Teraflops
65,536 microprocessors
OS: Linux Weight: > 100 tons

p. 1.20 and 1.21 Figs. 1-251-27

Next

New IBM Supercomputer for

2011
New Supercomputer !
IBMs new Blue Waters
will be able to perform
1,000 trillion calculations per
second (thats a quadrillion)
It would take a tower of laptop
computers 1.5 miles high to match
the power of this new
supercomputer.

p. 1.20 and 1.21 Figs. 1-251-27

Next

IBM Supercomputer: Blue

Waters
In the year 2011, Blue Waters, should become the
worlds fastest supercomputer at a cost of $208 million.
The computer will operate at speeds of one petaflop
[ 1,000-trillion floating point operations per second ]
It will be housed at the University of Illinois National
Center for Supercomputing Applications in Urbana,IL

Supercomputer Applications
A supercomputer is able to solve complex problems in
science, engineering, the environment, industry,
finance, and national security from the atomic to the
cosmic level.
It can model the activity of electrons in an atom, and
simulate the birth and death of the universe.

Elements of an Information
System
What are information system elements?

People
Procedures
Data
Software
Hardware

Step 1.
People develop
procedures for
processing data

Step 2.
People use
software to enter
data into computer
(hardware)

Step 3.
Software processes data and
directs hardware to store and
or output information

p. 1.22 Fig. 1-28

Next

Examples of Computer Usage

What are five categories of computer users?

Home

Large Business
p. 1.23 Fig. 1-29

Small Office/
Home Office (SOHO)

Mobile

Power
Next

Examples of Computer Usage

What software is available for a home user?

personal finance
management

Web access
entertainment
communications

p. 1.24 Fig. 1-30

Next

Examples of Computer Usage

What software is available for a small
office/home office (SOHO) user?

Local area
network (LAN)
Productivity
software
Specialty
software
Web usage
E-mail

p. 1.26 Figs. 1-331-34

Next

Examples of Computer Usage

What is available for
a mobile user?
Hardware

Notebook
computers

Software

Productivity
Presentation
Personal
information
manager

Handheld computers

Web-enabled
cellular phones

p. 1.27 Fig. 1-35

Next

Examples of Computer Usage

What are the needs of the large business user?
Public kiosk

Web access

Network
Productivity software
Scheduling

p. 1.28 Figs. 1-371-40

Telecommuting

Next

Examples of Computer Usage

What are the needs of a power user?

Speed and large amounts of storage

Types of power users

p. 1.30 Fig. 1-41

Engineers
Architects
Desktop publishers
Graphic artists

Next

Computer Applications in
Society
What are some examples
of computer applications
in society?

Education
Finance
Government
Healthcare
Science
Publishing
Travel
Industry

p. 1.31 Figs. 1-421-49

Next

Summary of Introduction to
Computers
The
Theimportance
importanceof
ofcomputer
computerliteracy
literacy
The
Thecomputer
computerand
andits
itscomponents
components
Why
Whyisisaacomputer
computerso
sopowerful?
powerful?
What
Whatisisaanetwork?
network?
The
TheInternet
Internetand
andthe
the
World
WorldWide
WideWeb
Web
Installing
Installingand
andrunning
runningaaprogram
program

Chapter 1 Complete

Types
Typesof
ofsoftware
software
Categories
Categoriesof
ofcomputers
computers
Elements
Elementsof
ofan
aninformation
informationsystem
system
Types
Typesof
ofcomputer
computerusers
users
Computer
Computerapplications
applicationsin
insociety
society