MARK LANSANG, RN, EMT

Aim of the Course

At the end of the training period you will be

able to demonstrate the principles of BASIC
FIRST AID necessary to prevent a casualtys
condition from deteriorating until professional
medical assistance is available

Why do we need to know BASIC

FIRST AID?

Lives Can be
saved until
medical
Right
assistance
arrive
HELP!

Aim of First
Aid

Preserve Life

Prevent deterioration of

the Condition

Promote Recovery

First Aider
Must Be

Highly trained

Updated knowledge and skil

Confident

Different kinds of pulse

Carotid pulse most commonly palpated during first aid

in adult victim.
- most commonly palpated during adult and child CPR
Brachial pulse most common palpated during infant

CPR.
Radial pulse palpated to assess the circulation on the

extremity
Femoral / Inguinal Pulse

Carotid Pulse
Location

Number to
Remember
Call medical
assistance

999

Dont become a
casualty
Is it safe for me to

approach the scene?

Do I need Help?

If you happen to see a person

lying on the floor unconscious
The first thing to do is REMEMBER

DR ABC

-Danger
R-Response
A- Airway
B- Breathing
C-Circulation

COMMON EMERGENCIES

WOUND

A break in the continuity of the skin thus

exposing the body tissue to the external
environment and the risk of infection.

Type of Wounds
Contused

C
L
I
P
S

Lacerated
Incised
Punctured
Shotgun

Contused
Caused by a
direct or
repeated blow
from something
blunt. ( Bruise )

Lacerated
Produced by
the tearing of
body tissue.
This type of
wound is
often
irregular and
jagged

Incised
A clean
cut, as by
a sharp
instrument

Punctured

Usually caused by
a sharp pointy
object such as a
nail, animal teeth,
or a tack. This type
of wound usually
does not bleed
excessively and can
appear to close up.
Puncture wounds
are also prone to
infection and
should be treated
appropriately.

Shotgun

The forcible
tearing away
of a body part
by trauma or
surgery

First aid treatment Of External

Bleeding

P Position
E
Expose

E Elevate

PPressure

The Eyes
The risk of eye injury at work MUST NOT
be overlooked. Eye injury can affect the
vision and even lead to blindness in
severe cases. Thus both employers and
employees should take appropriate
preventive measures to avoid eye injury

The structure of the face helps to protect the

eyes from injury. Each eyeball is set into a

protective socket of bone known as an orbit,
and the eyelids can close very quickly to form
a protective barrier.

Anatomy of the Eye

C
A
U
S
E
S

1.Flying Objects
2. Contact with chemicals
3. Particles (Exposure to
Hazardous rays )
4. Tools

Symptoms
Eye redness
Eye irritation
Eye pain
Swelling of the eye
Blurred vision
Inability to open the eye
Feeling of foreign objects in
the eye

Staple gun pierced through a safety

glasses

Chemical Injury

Welding eye irritation

Red Eye and black eye caused by
blunt object

Treatment
for chemical
burn
If the eye is

accidentally
injured by
foreign objects
or chemicals,
keep
calm and treat
the wound as
soon as
possible.

1. Don't rub the eye, or

else the cornea may
be damaged. Flush the eye
immediately
with copious amount
of clean water for
about 15 minutes in
order to remove the
foreign objects or to dilute the
chemicals.
2. Cover the eye
loosely with a clean Note:
and soft dressing,
If the eye is hit by hard
and reduce eye
objects, it should
movement to avoid be pressed lightly by a cold
further damage.
towel to
3. After the initial
reduce pain and swelling.
treatment, transfer The victim
the victim to hospital should also be transferred to
immediately for further
hospital
management.
immediately for further
management.

EYE protection ( PPE )

Face shield
Safety glasses

Safety goggles

Goggles, face
shield
and hand-held
visor
with special
filtering
function

Choking
1. How to tell if a person / infant is choking.
A. Coughing or gagging
B. Hand signals and panic (sometimes pointing

to the throat)
C.Sudden inability to talk
C.Clutching the throat: The natural response to
choking is to grab the throat with one or both
hands. This is the universal choking sign and a
way of telling people around you that you are
choking.
D.Wheezing
E.Passing out
F.Turning blue:, Cyanosis , a blue coloring to the
skin, can be seen earliest around the face, lips,
and fingernail beds. You may see this, but other
critical choking signs would appear first.
2. If an infant is choking, more attention must

be paid to an infant's behavior. They cannot be

taught the universal choking sign.
Difficulty breathing
Weak cry, weak, cough or both

Managing a Choking
patient
A. 5 back slaps

followed by
B. 5 abdominal
thrusts ( 3 cycles )

C. If the technique

used is successful,
summon urgent
medical treatment /
call EMS

Heart Attack
Caused by a

sudden
obstruction of
the blood supply
o part of the
heart muscle.

Symptom
s

Changes in mental status, particularly in

the elderly
Chest pain that feels like pressure,
squeezing, or fullness
The pain is usually in the center of the chest
It may also be felt in the jaw, shoulder,

arms, back, and stomach

It last for more than a few minutes, or it may
come and go
Cold sweat
Light-headedness
Nausea (more common in women)
Numbness, aching, or tingling in the arm

(usually the left arm)

Shortness of breath
Weakness or fatigue, particularly in the
elderly

Treatment
Place comfortable position sit casualty down in the W
position: Semi-Recumbent position ( sitting up at 75 degrees to
the ground ) with the knees bent.
Call for help because most victim dies before they reach the
hospital
If the patient conscious allow him to take medications but dont
give anything by mouth except for medicine.
Monitor record vital signs, level of consciousness until help
arrive.

What happened?
When did it happened?
How did it happened?

If the victim is
responsive ask
the following:

If he is taking medication?
What food you have eaten?
What are you doing before it

happened?

SUDDEN DEATH
OR
CARDIAC ARREST

If you see patient collapse or you

find him down

you dont know if its

Sudden Death
or a

Heart Attack

WHAT TO DO?
Check the victims responsiveness by tapping

the shoulder and saying HEY HEY ARE YOU

OK? HEY HEY ARE YOU OK?
If the victim is unresponsive shout SOMEONE
CALL 999 AND SOMEONE GET ME AN AED!
Loosen the clothing to know if the victim is
breathing by looking at the rise and fall of the
chest.
Palpate the carotid pulse of the victim for 10
seconds.

Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation ( CPR )

HOW TO DO CHEST COMPRESSION?

Position yourself at the victims side.
Make sure the victim is lying face up on a firm, flat surface. If the

victim is lying face down, carefully roll him face up. If you suspect
the victim has a head or neck injury, try to keep the head, neck, and
torso in a line when rolling the victim.
Put the heel of one hand on the center of the victims chest on the
lower half of the breast bone.
Put the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand.
Straighten your arms and position your shoulder directly over your
hands.
Push hard and fast.
At the end of each compression, make sure you allow the chest to
recoil ( re-expand ) completely.
Minimize interruption.

Rescue Breathing
( Mouth to mouth )

Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation ( CPR )

Pre-cautions
BODY SUBSTANCE
ISOLATION-

Protect
yourself

A good first aider

must wear :
A) Gloves
CPR Shield ( Plastic

shield

METHODS IN OPENING THE AIRWAY

Head tilt chin Lift

Method
One hand on forehead to tilt

head back
Other hand's fingers under

bony part of chin

Used only if no neck injury is
suspected.

JAW THRUST MANUEVER

Place one hand on each side of the victims

head, resting your elbows on the surface on

which the victim is lying.
Place your finger under the angles of the
victims lower jaw and lift with both hands,
displacing the jaw forward.
If the lips close, push the lower lip with your
thumb to open the lips.

Airway
It is blocked
partially or it is
clear?
Breathing
L- Look
L-Listen
F-Feel
Circulation
Locate the
carotid pulse

Rescue breathing or
Mouth to Mouth
For Adult
1.First, tilt the victim's head back and
lift the chin up, then pinch the nose
shut.
2.Give 2 slow breaths into the mouth.
Blow until the chest gently rises.
3.Check for a pulse to make sure the
heart is still beating.
If a pulse is present but victim is still
not breathing... Call 999
4.Give 2 slow breath about every 5
seconds. Do this for about a minute,
12 breaths.
5.Recheck pulse and breathing about
every minute.
Call the local emergency number if
you have not already done so. Then
continue rescue breathing as long as
a pulse is present but the person is
not breathing.

How

to use Rescue Breathing on a child

1.First, tilt the victim's head back and lift the chin up, then pinch
the nose shut.
2.Give 2 slow breaths into the mouth. Blow until the chest gently
rises.
3.Check for a pulse and make sure the heart is still beating.
If a pulse is present but victim is still not breathing... Call 999 ...
4.Give 2 slow breath about every 5 seconds. Do this for about a
minute, 20 breaths.
5.Recheck pulse and breathing about every minute.
Call the local emergency number if you have not already done so.
Then continue rescue breathing as long as a pulse is present but
person is not breathing.
How

to use Rescue Breathing on a infant:

1.First, tilt the infant's head back (not as far) and lift their chin
up.
2.Seal your lips tightly around infant's mouth and nose.
3.Fill your checks with air and give 2 slow breaths. Breathe until
the chest gently rises.
4.Check for a pulse.
If a pulse is present but infant is still not breathing... Call 999 ...
5.Fill checks with air and give 2 slow breath about every 5
seconds. Do this for about a minute, 20 breaths.
6.Recheck pulse and breathing about every minute.

Recovery position

When the AED Plus

is on Scene

Push
the
ON

 Open the lid

Follow visual & voice
prompts

WARNING!

Dont Touch Patient During Analysis

WARNING!

Stay Clear of Patient During Shocks

Verbal Command to Clear
Visually Confirm All Are Clear