GGS / GCS / TANK FARMS / ACT LACT

PE-324, VI-Sem; 2012-13

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Pipeline system
Basic Types:
Gathering system for crude oil / gas
from wellhead
Transport to processing facilities (O, G &
W)
Transport to consumers / refineries
(trunk pipelines)
Distribute
the
products
/
retail
marketing
(other
forms
of
transportation
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Gathering System:
Considerations for individual well to gathering system
(i.e. flow line):
WHP should be as low as possible to enhance self
flow & recovery of fluid
Minimum pressure loss in pipeline
Easy to monitor & control of wells
Minimum loss of HCs
Accurate metering of well fluid
Flexibility for future Expansion
Operational safety
Optimum production cost
Normally used gathering system:
- Wellhead separation system
- Group gathering system (O & G)
- Centralized gathering system
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Wellhead Separation System:

Isolated small pools tanker
based transportation
Individual / group separation of
O, G & W and testing facility
O, G & W lines connected to
feeder / collector lines
High recovery from field by
keeping low WHFP
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Group
Gathering
System:
Flow-lines
/ feeder
/ collector laid
from WH to GGS /
GCS to CPF
System
is
applicable
where
large
quantities
are produced
Two phase flow
causes more pr.
drop in individual
flow
lines
&
consequently high
back pressure on
wells
An economical &
flexible system for
most of the fields

Centralized
Gathering System:
Main
gathering
multiphase
lines
run through field &
wells are produced
directly into the
main line. Test line
is run parallel to
mainline
for
periodic testing of
wells
System is applied
to the fields where
ROU(right of user)
is difficult & wells
are densely located
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Offshore
Gathering
System
Use well clustered
well
location
system,
in
both
onshore & offshore,
necessitated
well
platforms
with
separation & test
facility in offshore
or
Underwater
Manifold
Center
(UMC) in subsea
locations and group
and test gathering
lines in onshore
locations.
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A
header
in
a
gathering
or
Header
System
distribution
system
provides a means of
joining
several
flowlines
into
a
single gathering line.
Valves are provided
on
each
pipeline
entering or leaving
the header so that
lines can be isolated
during O & M.
Regulations & good
production practices
require O,G & W
rates to be measured
for individual wells
at regular intervals.
In
offshore,
measurement
&
separation facility is
provided at the well
platform whereas in

Schematic Layout of Automatic Custody Transfer Installation

When producing to a
pipeline, a continuous
Automatic
Custody
monitoring
system
may
Transfer
(ACT)
be used instead of large
tanks that are emptied
periodically.
System
often used is as shown.
The monitor for Basic
Sediments
& water
(BS&W) rejects any oil
not
meeting
specifications and it is
sent for re-treatment. A
surge tank may or may
not be used depending
on circumstances.
Most common method
of oil metering is PD
Meter. A weir tank is
used,
particularly
if
tanks are used on site.
Weirs are added, top &
bottom, to control the
volume passed on each
fill and emptying cycle.
The dump (metering )
tank
is
like
any
metering vessel using

Schematic View of Various ACT Systems

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Mumbai High Pipeline Network

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