Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Surface Anatomy
For 31st Batch 2009
Dr MB Samarawickrama
(MBBS MS)
Surface Anatomy
Helps
Land marking of internal structure
Identification of anatomical sites
Clinical judgment
Guide for investigations and management
Surface Anatomy
Nasion the depression between the two
supra-orbital margins
Glabella the ridge above the nasion
Superficial temporal artery crossing the
posterior extremity of the zygomatic arch
Zygomatic bone
The broad anterior part of the arch
Palpable pulses
Carotid against the anterior tubercle of
the C6
Facial- anterior border of the maseter over
the mandible
Superficial temporal- over the zygomatic
arch immediately in front of the auricle
Consists of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Prevertebral layer
Carotid sheath
Suprasternal
space
Inferiorly
Manubrium
Clavicles
Acromions and spines of the scapulae
Anteriorly
Symphysismenti
Hyoid bone
Thyroid gland
Inferiorly
blends with the arch of the aorta
On either side
Blends with the carotid sheath
Carotid sheath
Is a dense tubular fibrous investment
Extends from the base of the cranium to the root
of the neck
Blends anteriorly- with the investing and
pretracheal layers of fascia
Blends posteriorly with the prevertebral layer of
deep cervical fascia
Carotid sheath
It contains
common and internal carotid arteries
Internal jugular veins
Vagus nerve
Scalp
Consists of
Skin
Subcutaneous tissue
Scalp (contd)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Skin
Thin except in the occipital region
Contains many sweat glands, sebaceous
glands and hair follicles
Has an abundant arterial supply and good
venous and lymphatic drainage
Connective tissue
Forms the thick, dense, richly
vascularized, subcutaneous layer
Is well supplied with cutaneous nerves
The space is divided by fibrous septa
Aponeurosis
Is the tendon of the occipito frontalis
muscle
Is found between the frontal and occipital
bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle and
the superior auricular muscle
It has no boney attachment
Pericranium
Is the periosteum of the skull bone
Is firmly attached
but can be stripped fairly easily from the
calvaria of living persons except in the
cranial sutures
Venous drainage
Of the superficial parts of the scalp by
Supraorbital vein
Supratrochlear vein
Angular vein
Facial vein
Lymphatic drainage
Into the superficial ring (pericervical collar)
of lymph nodes
Submental
Submandibular
Parotid
Mastoid (retroauricular)
Occipital