A PRESENTATION

ON
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

What is Motivation ?
Taken from the Latin word movere.
It is a psychological act which attracts
the workers to do more.
A process that accounts for an
individuals intensity, direction &
persistence of effort in order to attain a
goal.

Theories of Motivation

- Hierarchy of Needs Theory(Maslows

Theory)

- Two-Factor Theory(Herzbergs
Theory)

- Theory X and Theory Y(McGregors

Theory)

- Theory Z(Quchis Theory)

Hierarchy of Needs Theory

(Maslows Theory)

Abraham Maslows Theory Of

Hierarchy Of Needs :

Self actualisation needs

(it describes the desire to live up to ones full
potential)

be enthusiastic and supportive

encourage projects and plans
be positive about the future
promote optimism
teach workers how to learn

Self-esteem needs
(it describes the need for self-esteem and the
respect of others)

encourage independence
praise appropriately whenever possible
welcome ideas
treat workers with dignity
celebrate good work by workers

Social Needs
(it describe the desire for love, friendship, and
companionship)

show you care

promote interaction between workers
promote a cohesive class climate
use team building exercises

Safety needs
(it describes keeping oneself free from harm)

maintain confidentiality/privacy as
necessary
treat workers fairly
observe and chart accurate information
give workers a clear structure to work
follow safety rules when necessary

Physiological needs
(it describe the ones required for survival)

provide adequate breaks

ensure comfort
arrange seats according to need
be alert to heating and ventilation
requirements

Two-Factor Theory
(Herzbergs Theory)

Contrasting Views of Satisfaction

and Dissatisfaction
Traditional view
Satisfaction

Dissatisfaction

Herzberg's view
Motivators
Satisfaction

No satisfaction
Hygiene Factors

No dissatisfaction

Dissatisfaction

Theory X and Theory Y

(McGregors Theory)

Theory X and Theory Y (Douglas McGregor)

Theory X
Assumptions of Theory X :
1.Employees dislike work and, whenever possible, will attempt to
avoid it;
2.Here employees must be coerced, controlled, or threatened with
punishment to achieve goals;
3.Employees will avoid responsibilities and seek formal direction
whenever possible;
4.Most workers place security above all other factors associated with
work and will display little ambition.
Suitability of Theory X :
According to this theory, labour is thought to be a part of machine
who works according to instructions. He is not given a chance to use
his own intellect. This theory presence a pessimistic view.

Theory Y
Assumptions of Theory Y :
1.Employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play;
2.People will exercise self-direction and self-control if they are
committed to the objectives;
3.The average person can learn to accept, even seek, responsibility;
4.The ability to make innovative decisions is widely dispersed
throughout the population and is not necessarily the sole province of
those in management positions.
Suitability of Theory Y :
According to this theory, employers have also realised that workers
are human beings and they should be treated on humanitarian grounds.
Although these assumptions are not fully accepted by employers but
efforts are being made by govt. and labour unions in this direction.

Theory Z
(Quchis Theory)

Theory Z of William Quchi :

Managemen
t
Concept

Douglas McGregor
(Theory X & Y)

William Quchi
(Theory Z)

Motivation

It categorises people as : either being unmotivated to

perform a work, or being self motivated towards work.
Threats and disciplinary action are thought to be used
more effectively in this situation, although monetary
rewards can also be a prime motivator to make Theory X
workers produce more.

Believes that people are inborn self

motivated to not only do their work,
but also are loyal towards the company,
and want to make the company
succeed.

Leadership

Power &
Authority

Theory X leaders would be more authoritarian, while

Theory Y leaders would be more participative.

Theory Z managers would have to

have a great deal of trust that their
workers could make sound decisions

In the case of Theory Y, the manager would take

suggestions from workers, but would keep the power to
implement the decision.

The workers have a great deal of

input and weight in the decision
making process.

Performan
Appraisals occur on a regular basis. Promotions also
ce
occur on a regular basis.
Appraisals

Theory Z emphasises more frequent

performance appraisals, but slower
promotions.

Thank
You