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Outline of Presentation
- What is slope failure ?
- Type of landslide
- Factors causing landslide
- Slope stabilisation methods
- What is Soil Nail ?
- Construction procedure
- Quality control of Soil nailing
- SLOPE/W slope analysis software
- Case Study ( Hong Kong )
- Conclusion
China
Type of landslide
Fall type landslide
Usually occurring in rock slopes, rock displacement and rock fall
with a very fast movement.
Newcastle , Australia
Type of landslide
Slide type landslide
Slides are usually caused by mass movements that present a welldefined failure wedge and surface
Type of landslide
Flow type landslide
Flow landslide is a continuous viscous slide involving soil or
rock. If material is clay or fine soil material, this flow is called
mud flow
Australia , 1997
Slope stabilisation
methods
Landslide
prevention
Soil nail
Slope reinforced by the inserting
steel reinforcing bars
Soil re-compaction
Hong Kong
Soil replacement
Use other material replacing loose
soil (No-fine concrete replacement)
Hong Kong
Slope stabilisation
methods
Landslide prevention
Bio- Engineering
Use tree root or plant root to
prevent shallow slope failure
Hong Kong
Sub-surface Drainage
Reduction of pore water pressure of slope
Stone Columns
Increase average shear resistance of soil along potential slip
surface by using compacted stone
Soil Nail
What is SOIL NAIL ?
Steel bar
Centraliser
Grout column
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
1. Drilling
2. Steel bar installation
3. Grouting
4. Soil nail head construction
Design Criteria
1. Slope critical section FOS > Design requirement
Bedrock
Silty Sand
Use Morgenstern-Prices
Method
Minimum FOS = 0.986
FOS (0.986) < 1.4 (HK
requirement)
Slip No
FOS
1.112
0.986
(minimum)
1.157
1.367
1.572
Row
A
B
C
D
E
Nail Length
Bond
(m)
Length (m)
12
12
8
8
8
3.3
3.8
4.3
4.2
5.7
Inclination
Angle
(degree)
Nail
Spacing (m)
Design
resisting
force KN
15
15
15
15
15
2
2
2
2
2
55
50
20
15
8
Level
Row No.
Row E
Row D
Row C
Row B
Row A
(mPD)
58.80
56.80
54.80
52.80
50.80
Max.
Force
Allowabl T > T
Required
a
r
Horizont Force =F x S e Tensile
Bar Bar Size
Force
al
per m
Length (d)
Spacing Width F
(m)
(mm)
(m)
(kN)
L
D
S
F
Tr (kN) Ta (kN) Check
8.0
8.0
8.0
12.0
12.0
25
25
25
32
32
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
8.00
15.00
20.00
50.00
55.00
16.00
30.00
40.00
100.00
110.00
79.66
79.66
79.66
141.62
141.62
O.K.
O.K.
O.K.
O.K.
O.K.
Tmax > Tr
Row E
58.8
8.0
25
2.0
4.70
3.30
8.00
16.00
205.26
O.K.
Row D
56.8
8.0
25
2.0
4.20
3.80
15.00
30.00
236.36
O.K.
Row C
54.8
8.0
25
2.0
3.70
4.30
20.00
40.00
267.46
O.K.
Row B
52.8
12.0
32
2.0
3.80
8.20
50.00 100.00
680.06
O.K.
Row A
50.8
12.0
32
2.0
2.30
9.70
55.00 110.00
804.46
O.K.
Force
Mobilised
sv (kPa)
Tf (kN)=
( 1.571 +
0.140 sv ) x
Le
CDG
CDG
Tf (kN)
Row E
68.00
36.65
36.65
16.00
2.29
O.K.
Row D
106.00
62.45
62.45
30.00
2.08
O.K.
Row C
144.00
93.58
93.58
40.00
2.34
O.K.
Row B
180.27
220.16
220.16
100.00
2.20
O.K.
Row A
158.57
230.92
230.92
110.00
2.10
O.K.
Row No.
Force
Total Force
F.O.S.
Require F.O.S.
Mobilised
>2
d
Tr (kN) Tf / Tr
Level
Row No.
(mPD)
Row E
Row D
Row C
Row B
Row A
58.80
56.80
54.80
52.80
50.80
Horizont Free
Bar Bar Size
al
length
Length (d)
Spacing L
a
(m)
(mm)
(m)
(m)
8.0
8.0
8.0
12.0
12.0
25
25
25
32
32
2
2
2
2
2
4.70
4.20
3.70
3.80
2.30
Force
Require
d
Bond
Force
length
per m
Le
Width F
(kN) Tr (kN)
(m)
3.30
3.80
4.30
8.20
9.70
8.00
15.00
20.00
50.00
55.00
16.00
30.00
40.00
100.00
110.00
Slip No
FOS
1.534
1.529
(Minimum)
1.671
1.835
Conclusion
- From the Case Study , the slope stability has been significantly
improved by Soil nailing
- Limit equilibrium method using Slope/W is an accurate
approach to design soil nail walls in practice
- Soil nailing method has a simple design method and easy
construction method
- Soil nail is the most cost-efficient solution for slope
stabilisation
Thank you
Any Questions ?