Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
Soil
Vegetation
Surfaces
Transpiration
Plants
SOME DEFINITIONS
EVAPORATION
o
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
Barometric pressure
Dissolved matter
Shape, site and situation of evaporating body.
Relative depth of evaporating body.
surface.
Controlled by soil properties rather than weather
conditions.
TRANSPIRATION
Several methods
Evaporation Pans
PET Gages-acts as surrogates for plants
Soil Water Depletion
Lysimeters
Energy Balance and Mass transfer-measure average
gradient of water vapor above the canopy.
PAN EVAPORATION
Etr=kp Epan
Lake evaporation
Typically taken as
70% of pan
evaporation
PET
Given:
Set
200 m
Class A Pan
200 m
Turfgrass (4 in.)
Required:
Solution:
Fetch =
Wind speed =
Set up =
Kp =
PET =
LYSIMETERS
Allow an area to be
isolated from the rest
of the field while
carefully measuring
the individual
components of the
water balance.
Weighing
Non-weighingmeasure drainage
from the bottom
ESTIMATING ET
SCS Blaney-Criddle Method
tp
100
Definisi
Evaporasi : proses pertukaran (transfer)
menjadi molekul uap air di atmosfir dari air
permukaan bebas (free water surface),muka
tanah atau air yang tertahan diatas
permukaan bangunan atau tanaman.
1.
MENGHITUNG
EVAPORASI
Persamaan empiris
Seperti disebutkan diatas bahwa besarnya
evaporasi sangat dipengaruhi kecepatan angin .
Evaporasi permukaan air bebas perumusan
empirisnya dibedakan dua kejadian :
Perubahan
E = P + Si + GWo So + S(5.6)
Dimana :
E = Evaporasi.
P = total presipitasi.
Si = surface inflow (kalau ada).
GWo = ground water out flow.
So = surface out flow.
S = perubahan storage di permukaan
dan dibawah permukaan (sub surface)
Besarnya
.
Ada tiga atmometer yaitu :
* Tipe Piche
* Tipe Livingstone
* Tipe Bellani
Banyak jenis pan yang dipakai diantaranya adalah :
* Class A Pan Evaporation
* Sunkan pan dengan tipe Colorado
* Young dan BPI
* Floating pan
Ada tiga kondisi kejadian perubahan muka air didalam Pan yaitu :
a). Bila air turun standard ukur dan pada hari itu tidak terjadi
hujan.
b). Bila muka air turun dari standard ukur dan pada hari itu
terjadi hujan
= ( < 1)(5.29)
MONTHLY PERCENTAGE OF
DAYTIME HOURS, P
BLANEY-CRIDDLE EQUATION
U is the seasonal
consumptive use in
in/season
K is the seasonal
consumptive use coefficient
for a crop with a normal
growing season (Table 4.7)
U K fi
i 1
Mean monthly
temperatures are
available on the web
at a variety of places.
For example
http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/r3d/ushcn/statem
ean.html
http://www.weatherbase.com/
Radiation methods
PENMAN METHODS
Penman equations
radiation
% sunshine
Humidity
Wind
Complex
equation
Need to keep units consistent
Need lots of data as inputs
PET IN TEXAS
Daily PET (MM) January
Homework 3